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We compared diagnostic characteristics of the AmpSure simultaneous amplification and testing method, the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, and acid-fast bacilli staining of specimen smears for detection of<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>in pleural fluids of 438 patients with suspected tuberculous pleurisy. Chest radiographs, computed tomography scans and the results of sputum and pleural biopsy testing were used for confirmations of tuberculosis diagnoses. The sensitivity of the AmpSure test (21.2%) was significantly higher than that of smear analysis (3.1%; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but was similar to that of the BACTEC culture method (17.8%; p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The specificity of the AmpSure, BACTEC, and smear tests were 100%, 96.4%, and 100%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the AmpSure, BACTEC, and smear tests were 100%\/23.1%; 78.6%\/19.8%; and 100%\/22.4%, respectively. The sensitivity of ADA, IFN\u03b3 and histopathological analyses of pleural biopsies were all 100%. The sensitivities of all three methods were suboptimal for the detection of<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>in pleural fluid. Future studies of a composite diagnostic index consisting of a combination of these tests are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04872-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T15:46:26Z","timestamp":1498578386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of laboratory testing methods for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy in China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caicun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4872_CR1","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2016. 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