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Using ultra-high resolution Microcomputed Tomography coupled with bone histology, we performed the first quantitative middle and inner ear ossification\/mineralization evaluation of fetuses between 17 and 39 weeks of gestational age. We show distinct ossification paces between ossicles, with a belated development of the stapes. A complete cochlear bony covering is observed within the time-frame of the onset of hearing, whereas distinct time courses of ossification for semicircular canal envelopes are observed in relation to the start of vestibular functions. The study evidences a spatio-temporal relationship between middle and inner ear structure development and the onset of hearing and balance, critical senses for the fetal adaptation to birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05151-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T14:03:15Z","timestamp":1498831395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Inner ear ossification and mineralization kinetics in human embryonic development - microtomographic and histomorphological study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0001-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Richard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Courbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Laroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Michel","family":"Prades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Vico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8640-2646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Malaval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"5151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1381","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.6.C1381","volume":"268","author":"BJ Yates","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yates, B. 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