{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:51:25Z","timestamp":1793710285110,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Banisteriopsis caapi<\/jats:italic> is the basic ingredient of ayahuasca, a psychotropic plant tea used in the Amazon for ritual and medicinal purposes, and by interested individuals worldwide. Animal studies and recent clinical research suggests that <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>caapi<\/jats:italic> preparations show antidepressant activity, a therapeutic effect that has been linked to hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we report that harmine, tetrahydroharmine and harmaline, the three main alkaloids present in <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>caapi<\/jats:italic>, and the harmine metabolite harmol, stimulate adult neurogenesis <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In neurospheres prepared from progenitor cells obtained from the subventricular and the subgranular zones of adult mice brains, all compounds stimulated neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into adult neurons. These findings suggest that modulation of brain plasticity could be a major contribution to the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca. They also expand the potential application of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>caapi<\/jats:italic> alkaloids to other brain disorders that may benefit from stimulation of endogenous neural precursor niches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05407-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T10:20:37Z","timestamp":1499422837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9008-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Morales-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0456-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"de la Fuente Revenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Alonso-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Feilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Perez-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Riba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"5407_CR1","unstructured":"Schultes, R. E. The botany and chemistry of hallucinogens. (Thomas, 1980)."},{"key":"5407_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McKenna, D. & Riba, J. New World Tryptamine Hallucinogens and the Neuroscience of Ayahuasca. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci. doi:10.1007\/7854_2016_472 (2017).","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_472"},{"key":"5407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2006.11.001","volume":"19","author":"KW Tupper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tupper, K. W. The globalization of ayahuasca: harm reduction or benefit maximization? Int. J. Drug Policy \n                           19, 297\u2013303 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"5407_CR4","unstructured":"Riba, J. Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca. (Autonomous University of Barcelona, 2003)."},{"key":"5407_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(77)90007-7","volume":"26","author":"NS Buckholtz","year":"1977","unstructured":"Buckholtz, N. S. & Boggan, W. O. Monoamine oxidase inhibition in brain and liver produced by beta-carbolines: structure-activity relationships and substrate specificity. Biochem. Pharmacol. \n                           26, 1991\u20131996 (1977).","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"5407_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(77)90190-4","volume":"20","author":"NS Buckholtz","year":"1977","unstructured":"Buckholtz, N. S. & Boggan, W. O. Inhibition by beta-carbolines of monoamine uptake into a synaptosomal preparation: structure-activity relationships. Life Sci. \n                           20, 2093\u20132099 (1977).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"5407_CR7","unstructured":"Spruce, R. Notes of a botanist on the Amazon and Andes 2 (Macmillan, 1908)."},{"key":"5407_CR8","unstructured":"Ott, J. Pharmacotheon: entheogenic drugs, their plant sources and history. (Natural Products Co, 1993)."},{"key":"5407_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009019","volume":"5","author":"TS Ray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ray, T. S. Psychedelics and the human receptorome. PloS One \n                           5, e9019 (2010).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"5407_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.03.002","volume":"126","author":"E Dom\u00ednguez-Clav\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez-Clav\u00e9, E. et al. Ayahuasca: Pharmacology, neuroscience and therapeutic potential. Brain Res. Bull. \n                           126, 89\u2013101 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"5407_CR11","first-page":"13","volume":"37","author":"F.de L. Os\u00f3rio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Os\u00f3rio, F. de L. et al. Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr. S\u00e3o Paulo Braz. 1999 \n                           37, 13\u201320 (2015).","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr. S\u00e3o Paulo Braz. 1999"},{"key":"5407_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000436","volume":"36","author":"RF Sanches","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanches, R. F. et al. Antidepressant Effects of a Single Dose of Ayahuasca in Patients With Recurrent Depression: A SPECT Study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. \n                           36, 77\u201381 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"5407_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60600-X","volume":"380","author":"B Sessa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sessa, B. Shaping the renaissance of psychedelic research. Lancet Lond. Engl. \n                           380, 200\u2013201 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"5407_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02860772","volume":"26","author":"L Rivier","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rivier, L. & Lindgren, J. E. \u2018Ayahuasca\u2019, the South American hallucinogenic drink: an ethnobotanical and chemical investigation. Econ. Bot. \n                           26, 101\u2013129 (1972).","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"5407_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(84)90003-5","volume":"10","author":"DJ McKenna","year":"1984","unstructured":"McKenna, D. J., Towers, G. H. & Abbott, F. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: tryptamine and beta-carboline constituents of ayahuasca. J. Ethnopharmacol. \n                           10, 195\u2013223 (1984).","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"5407_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2005.10399796","volume":"37","author":"JC Callaway","year":"2005","unstructured":"Callaway, J. C. Various alkaloid profiles in decoctions of Banisteriopsis caapi. J. Psychoactive Drugs \n                           37, 151\u2013155 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"5407_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.08.005","volume":"16","author":"D Farzin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farzin, D. & Mansouri, N. Antidepressant-like effect of harmane and other beta-carbolines in the mouse forced swim test. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol. \n                           16, 324\u2013328 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"5407_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.07.021","volume":"33","author":"JJ Fortunato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fortunato, J. J. et al. Acute harmine administration induces antidepressive-like effects and increases BDNF levels in the rat hippocampus. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry \n                           33, 1425\u20131430 (2009).","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"5407_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2015.05.004","volume":"118","author":"A Pic-Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pic-Taylor, A. et al. Behavioural and neurotoxic effects of ayahuasca infusion (Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis) in female Wistar rat. Behav. Processes \n                           118, 102\u2013110 (2015).","journal-title":"Behav. Processes"},{"key":"5407_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s10298-007-0266-y","volume":"5","author":"L-M Lima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lima, L.-M. et al. Les effets de l\u2019ayahuasca sur le syst\u00e8me nerveux central: \u00e9tude comportementale. Phytoth\u00e9rapie \n                           5, 254\u2013257 (2007).","journal-title":"Phytoth\u00e9rapie"},{"key":"5407_CR21","first-page":"1131","volume":"117","author":"JJ Fortunato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fortunato, J. J. et al. Chronic administration of harmine elicits antidepressant-like effects and increases BDNF levels in rat hippocampus. J. Neural Transm. Vienna Austria 1996 \n                           117, 1131\u20131137 (2010).","journal-title":"Vienna Austria 1996"},{"key":"5407_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4218","volume":"22","author":"S Yun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yun, S., Reynolds, R. P., Masiulis, I. & Eisch, A. J. Re-evaluating the link between neuropsychiatric disorders and dysregulated adult neurogenesis. Nat. Med. \n                           22, 1239\u20131247 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"5407_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1433","volume":"287","author":"FH Gage","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gage, F. H. Mammalian neural stem cells. Science \n                           287, 1433\u20131438 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5407_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/35081577","volume":"2","author":"S Temple","year":"2001","unstructured":"Temple, S. Stem cell plasticity\u2013building the brain of our dreams. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. \n                           2, 513\u2013520 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.021","volume":"167","author":"JT Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, J. T., Schafer, S. T. & Gage, F. H. Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus: From Stem Cells to Behavior. Cell \n                           167, 897\u2013914 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5407_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2174\/156720207779940707","volume":"4","author":"S-J Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, S.-J. et al. Antidepressant administration modulates neural stem cell survival and serotoninergic differentiation through bcl-2. Curr. Neurovasc. Res. \n                           4, 19\u201329 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"5407_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.75","volume":"34","author":"M Boldrini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boldrini, M. et al. Antidepressants increase neural progenitor cells in the human hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol. \n                           34, 2376\u20132389 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"5407_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachs, B. D. & Caron, M. G. Chronic fluoxetine increases extra-hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. Off. Sci. J. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol. CINP \n                           18 (2015).","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyu029"},{"key":"5407_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.049882","volume":"306","author":"J Riba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Riba, J. et al. Human pharmacology of ayahuasca: subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmacokinetics. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. \n                           306, 73\u201383 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"5407_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1685","volume":"7","author":"J Riba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riba, J., McIlhenny, E. H., Bouso, J. C. & Barker, S. A. Metabolism and urinary disposition of N,N-dimethyltryptamine after oral and smoked administration: a comparative study. Drug Test. Anal. \n                           7, 401\u2013406 (2015).","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"5407_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1344","volume":"4","author":"J Riba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riba, J., McIlhenny, E. H., Valle, M., Bouso, J. C. & Barker, S. A. Metabolism and disposition of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala alkaloids after oral administration of ayahuasca. Drug Test. Anal. \n                           4, 610\u2013616 (2012).","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"5407_CR32","first-page":"2543","volume":"138","author":"B H\u00e4mmerle","year":"2011","unstructured":"H\u00e4mmerle, B. et al. Transient expression of Mnb\/Dyrk1a couples cell cycle exit and differentiation of neuronal precursors by inducing p27KIP1 expression and suppressing NOTCH signaling. Dev. Camb. Engl. \n                           138, 2543\u20132554 (2011).","journal-title":"Dev. Camb. Engl."},{"key":"5407_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2727","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2727","volume":"4","author":"V Dakic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dakic, V. et al. Harmine stimulates proliferation of human neural progenitors. PeerJ \n                           4, e2727 (2016).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"5407_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2005.10399797","volume":"37","author":"JC Callaway","year":"2005","unstructured":"Callaway, J. C. Fast and slow metabolizers of Hoasca. J. Psychoactive Drugs \n                           37, 157\u2013161 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"5407_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/nm747","volume":"8","author":"A Arvidsson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arvidsson, A., Collin, T., Kirik, D., Kokaia, Z. & Lindvall, O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat. Med. \n                           8, 963\u2013970 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"5407_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420001","volume":"113","author":"L Sun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sun, L., Lee, J. & Fine, H. A. Neuronally expressed stem cell factor induces neural stem cell migration to areas of brain injury. J. Clin. Invest. \n                           113, 1364\u20131374 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"5407_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2014-0277","volume":"4","author":"JA Morales-Garcia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morales-Garcia, J. A. et al. Phosphodiesterase 7 inhibition induces dopaminergic neurogenesis in hemiparkinsonian rats. Stem Cells Transl. Med. \n                           4, 564\u2013575 (2015).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"5407_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00111-4","volume":"41","author":"A Alvarez-Buylla","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alvarez-Buylla, A. & Lim, D. A. For the long run: maintaining germinal niches in the adult brain. Neuron \n                           41, 683\u2013686 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5407_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121631","volume":"44","author":"DC Lie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lie, D. C., Song, H., Colamarino, S. A., Ming, G. & Gage, F. H. Neurogenesis in the adult brain: new strategies for central nervous system diseases. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. \n                           44, 399\u2013421 (2004).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"5407_CR40","first-page":"1785","volume":"20","author":"K Wada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wada, K. et al. Leukotriene B4 and lipoxin A4 are regulatory signals for neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. \n                           20, 1785\u20131792 (2006).","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"5407_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0339","volume":"25","author":"H-L Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, H.-L. & Panchision, D. M. Concise review: bone morphogenetic protein pleiotropism in neural stem cells and their derivatives\u2013alternative pathways, convergent signals. Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio \n                           25, 63\u201368 (2007).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio"},{"key":"5407_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2014.05.020","volume":"327","author":"RB Bressan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bressan, R. B. et al. EGF-FGF2 stimulates the proliferation and improves the neuronal commitment of mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs). Exp. Cell Res. \n                           327, 37\u201347 (2014).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"5407_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.08.002","volume":"38","author":"S-Q Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, S.-Q., Cai, Q., Shen, Y.-Y., Cai, X.-Y. & Lei, H.-Y. Combined use of NGF\/BDNF\/bFGF promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. Off. J. Int. Soc. Dev. Neurosci. \n                           38, 74\u201378 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. Off. J. Int. Soc. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12413","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1077-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"CH Yan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yan, C. H., Levesque, M., Claxton, S., Johnson, R. L. & Ang, S.-L. Lmx1a and lmx1b function cooperatively to regulate proliferation, specification, and differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic progenitors. J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci. \n                           31, 12413\u201312425 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083328","volume":"301","author":"L Santarelli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Santarelli, L. et al. Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Science \n                           301, 805\u2013809 (2003).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5407_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20338","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20338","volume":"6","author":"N-N Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song, N.-N. et al. Reducing central serotonin in adulthood promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci. Rep. \n                           6, 20338 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"5407_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hui, J. et al. Fluoxetine Regulates Neurogenesis In Vitro Through Modulation of GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol \n                           18 (2015).","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyu099"},{"key":"5407_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.67","volume":"15","author":"D Taliaz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taliaz, D., Stall, N., Dar, D. E. & Zangen, A. Knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in specific brain sites precipitates behaviors associated with depression and reduces neurogenesis. Mol. Psychiatry \n                           15, 80\u201392 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"5407_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610282104","volume":"104","author":"JL Warner-Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warner-Schmidt, J. L. & Duman, R. S. VEGF is an essential mediator of the neurogenic and behavioral actions of antidepressants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA \n                           104, 4647\u20134652 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"5407_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.26","volume":"16","author":"C Anacker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anacker, C. et al. Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol. Psychiatry \n                           16, 738\u2013750 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"5407_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.85","volume":"40","author":"AS Hill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hill, A. S., Sahay, A. & Hen, R. Increasing Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis is Sufficient to Reduce Anxiety and Depression-Like Behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology \n                           40, 2368\u20132378 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5407_CR52","first-page":"94","volume":"117","author":"AB Marcussen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcussen, A. B., Flagstad, P., Kristjansen, P. E. G., Johansen, F. F. & Englund, U. Increase in neurogenesis and behavioural benefit after chronic fluoxetine treatment in Wistar rats. Acta Neurol. Scand. \n                           117, 94\u2013100 (2008).","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"5407_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114553646","volume":"28","author":"M Morais","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morais, M. et al. The effects of chronic stress on hippocampal adult neurogenesis and dendritic plasticity are reversed by selective MAO-A inhibition. J. Psychopharmacol. Oxf. Engl. \n                           28, 1178\u20131183 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"5407_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4894","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0237-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"TD Perera","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perera, T. D. et al. Antidepressant-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult nonhuman primates. J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci. \n                           27, 4894\u20134901 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frood, A. Ayahuasca psychedelic tested for depression. Nature. doi:10.1038\/nature.2015.17252 (2015).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2015.17252"},{"key":"5407_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03486.x","volume":"20","author":"SA Baker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baker, S. A., Baker, K. A. & Hagg, T. Dopaminergic nigrostriatal projections regulate neural precursor proliferation in the adult mouse subventricular zone. Eur. J. Neurosci. \n                           20, 575\u2013579 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1265","volume":"7","author":"GU H\u00f6glinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"H\u00f6glinger, G. U. et al. Dopamine depletion impairs precursor cell proliferation in Parkinson disease. Nat. Neurosci. \n                           7, 726\u2013735 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04241.x","volume":"100","author":"A Borta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Borta, A. & H\u00f6glinger, G. U. Dopamine and adult neurogenesis. J. Neurochem. \n                           100, 587\u2013595 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"5407_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13078","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1197-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"JB Lennington","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lennington, J. B. et al. Midbrain dopamine neurons associated with reward processing innervate the neurogenic subventricular zone. J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci. \n                           31, 13078\u201313087 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1996.0592","volume":"8","author":"MB Luskin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luskin, M. B., Zigova, T., Soteres, B. J. & Stewart, R. R. Neuronal progenitor cells derived from the anterior subventricular zone of the neonatal rat forebrain continue to proliferate in vitro and express a neuronal phenotype. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. \n                           8, 351\u2013366 (1997).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(199808)36:2<249::AID-NEU11>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"36","author":"FH Gage","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gage, F. H., Kempermann, G., Palmer, T. D., Peterson, D. A. & Ray, J. Multipotent progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus. J. Neurobiol. \n                           36, 249\u2013266 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"5407_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2216","volume":"8","author":"MA Curtis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Curtis, M. A., Faull, R. L. M. & Eriksson, P. S. The effect of neurodegenerative diseases on the subventricular zone. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. \n                           8, 712\u2013723 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.024","volume":"111","author":"JM F\u00e1bregas","year":"2010","unstructured":"F\u00e1bregas, J. M. et al. Assessment of addiction severity among ritual users of ayahuasca. Drug Alcohol Depend. \n                           111, 257\u2013261 (2010).","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"5407_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2174\/15733998113099990003","volume":"6","author":"G Thomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas, G., Lucas, P., Capler, N. R., Tupper, K. W. & Martin, G. Ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: results from a preliminary observational study in Canada. Curr. Drug Abuse Rev. \n                           6, 30\u201342 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Abuse Rev."},{"key":"5407_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaquero, L. et al. Cocaine addiction is associated with abnormal prefrontal function, increased striatal connectivity and sensitivity to monetary incentives, and decreased connectivity outside the human reward circuit. Addict. Biol., doi:10.1111\/adb.12356 (2016).","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12356"},{"key":"5407_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2884","volume":"11","author":"FX Vollenweider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vollenweider, F. X. & Kometer, M. The neurobiology of psychedelic drugs: implications for the treatment of mood disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. \n                           11, 642\u2013651 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513","volume":"30","author":"RR Griffiths","year":"2016","unstructured":"Griffiths, R. R. et al. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. J. Psychopharmacol. Oxf. Engl. \n                           30, 1181\u20131197 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"5407_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2480","volume":"35","author":"JA Morales-Garcia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morales-Garcia, J. A. et al. Phosphodiesterase7 Inhibition Activates Adult Neurogenesis in Hippocampus and Subventricular Zone In Vitro and In Vivo. Stem Cells \n                           35, 458\u2013472 (2017).","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"5407_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.5b00041","volume":"6","author":"M de la Fuente Revenga","year":"2015","unstructured":"de la Fuente Revenga, M. et al. Neurogenic Potential Assessment and Pharmacological Characterization of 6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-\u03b2-carboline (Pinoline) and Melatonin-Pinoline Hybrids. ACS Chem. Neurosci. \n                           6, 800\u2013810 (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1021\/cn300110c","volume":"3","author":"JA Morales-Garcia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morales-Garcia, J. A. et al. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. ACS Chem. Neurosci. \n                           3, 963\u2013971 (2012).","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"5407_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0137202","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137202","volume":"10","author":"EE Schenberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schenberg, E. E. et al. Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca. PloS One \n                           10, e0137202 (2015).","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-05407-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-05407-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-05407-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T06:38:56Z","timestamp":1671777536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-05407-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05407-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"5309"}}