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In this study, we employed a combination of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) and MS\/MS molecular networking to study chemistry-based microbial interactions in this system. MALDI IMS was used to visualize the distribution of antimicrobials at the inhibition zone between bacteria associated to the ant\n                    <jats:italic>Acromyrmex echinatior<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the fungal pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Escovopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. MS\/MS molecular networking was used for the dereplication of compounds found at the inhibition zones. We identified the antibiotics actinomycins D, X2 and X\n                    <jats:sub>0\u03b2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , produced by the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    CBR38; and the macrolides elaiophylin, efomycin A and efomycin G, produced by the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    CBR53.These metabolites were found at the inhibition zones using MALDI IMS and were identified using MS\/MS molecular networking. Additionally, three shearinines D, F, and J produced by the fungal pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Escovopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    TZ49 were detected. This is the first report of elaiophylins, actinomycin X\n                    <jats:sub>0\u03b2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and shearinines in the fungus-growing ant symbiotic system. These results suggest a secondary prophylactic use of these antibiotics by\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>echinatior<\/jats:italic>\n                    because of their permanent production by the bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05515-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T07:39:03Z","timestamp":1499758743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Imaging mass spectrometry and MS\/MS molecular networking reveals chemical interactions among cuticular bacteria and pathogenic fungi associated with fungus-growing ants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cristopher A.","family":"Boya P.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herm\u00f3genes","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis C.","family":"Mej\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmenza","family":"Spadafora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter C.","family":"Dorrestein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelino","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"5515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200800237","volume":"4","author":"S Chaves","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaves, S., Neto, M. & Tenreiro, R. 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