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Several factors result in mothers ceasing breastfeeding which leads to introduction of breast-milk substitutes (BMS). In some communities traditional foods are given as BMS, in others they are given as complementary foods during weaning. Improper food selection at this stage is associated with a high prevalence of malnutrition in children under 5 years. Here we listed the traditional foods from four continents and compared them with human milk based on their dietary contents. Vitamins such as thiamine (~[2\u201310] folds), riboflavin (~[4\u201310] folds) and ascorbic acid (&lt;2 folds) contents of Asian and African foods were markedly lower. In order to extend the search for foods that includes similar dietary constituents as human milk, we designed a strategy of screening 8654 foods. 12 foods were identified and these foods were evaluated for their ability to meet the daily nutritional requirement of breastfed and non-breastfed infants during their first year of life. Genome-scale models of infant\u2019s hepatocytes, adipocytes and myocytes were then used to simulate <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> growth of tissues when subjected to these foods. Key findings were that pork ham cured, fish pudding, and egg lean white induced better tissue growth, and quark with fruit, cheese quarg 45% and cheese cream 60% had similar lactose content as human milk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05650-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T10:16:02Z","timestamp":1499681762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Selection of complementary foods based on optimal nutritional values"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-2763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Partho","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4254-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adil","family":"Mardinogulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9955-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.109363","volume":"91","author":"J Heymann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heymann, J., Raub, A. & Earle, A. Breastfeeding policy: a globally comparative analysis. Bull World Health Organ \n                           91, 398\u2013406, doi:10.2471\/BLT.12.109363 (2013).","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"5650_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0246-3","volume":"12","author":"S Bartz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bartz, S. & Freemark, M. Pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes: parental determinants, breastfeeding, and early childhood nutrition. Current diabetes reports \n                           12, 82\u201387 (2012).","journal-title":"Current diabetes reports"},{"key":"5650_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1342","volume":"80","author":"E Klement","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klement, E., Cohen, R. V., Boxman, J., Joseph, A. & Reif, S. Breastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. 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