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In this study, we found that NMN accumulated in barley cultivars resistant to phytopathogenic fungal <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> species. Although NMN does not possess antifungal activity, pretreatment with NMN and related metabolites enhanced disease resistance to <jats:italic>Fusarium graminearum<\/jats:italic> in Arabidopsis leaves and flowers and in barley spikes. The NMN-induced <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> resistance was accompanied by activation of the salicylic acid-mediated signalling pathway and repression of the jasmonic acid\/ethylene-dependent signalling pathways in Arabidopsis. Since NMN-induced disease resistance was also observed in the SA-deficient <jats:italic>sid2<\/jats:italic> mutant, an SA-independent signalling pathway also regulated the enhanced resistance induced by NMN. Compared with NMN, NAD and NADP, nicotinamide pretreatment had minor effects on resistance to <jats:italic>F. graminearum<\/jats:italic>. Constitutive expression of the <jats:italic>NMNAT<\/jats:italic> gene, which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for NAD biosynthesis, resulted in enhanced disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Thus, modifying the content of NAD-related metabolites can be used to optimize the defence signalling pathways activated in response to <jats:italic>F. graminearum<\/jats:italic> and facilitates the control of disease injury and mycotoxin accumulation in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06048-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T10:32:03Z","timestamp":1500460323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Nicotinamide mononucleotide and related metabolites induce disease resistance against fungal phytopathogens in Arabidopsis and barley"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Miwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tamaoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Yokota Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Nishiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2011.11.002","volume":"17","author":"I Ahuja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahuja, I., Kissen, R. & Bones, A. 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