{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:32:41Z","timestamp":1789986761083,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seroepidemiological studies aim to understand population-level exposure and immunity to infectious diseases. Their results are normally presented as binary outcomes describing the presence or absence of pathogen-specific antibody, despite the fact that many assays measure continuous quantities. A population\u2019s natural distribution of antibody titers to an endemic infectious disease may include information on multiple serological states \u2013 naivet\u00e9, recent infection, non-recent infection, childhood infection \u2013 depending on the disease in question and the acquisition and waning patterns of immunity. In this study, we investigate 20,152 general-population serum samples from southern Vietnam collected between 2009 and 2013 from which we report antibody titers to the influenza virus HA1 protein using a continuous titer measurement from a protein microarray assay. We describe the distributions of antibody titers to subtypes 2009 H1N1 and H3N2. Using a model selection approach to fit mixture distributions, we show that 2009 H1N1 antibody titers fall into four titer subgroups and that H3N2 titers fall into three subgroups. For H1N1, our interpretation is that the two highest-titer subgroups correspond to recent and historical infection, which is consistent with 2009 pandemic attack rates. Similar interpretations are available for H3N2, but right-censoring of titers makes these interpretations difficult to validate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06177-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T10:06:23Z","timestamp":1500026783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Structure of general-population antibody titer distributions to influenza A virus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Thi Duy","family":"Nhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Thi Nhu","family":"Thao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Ha Thao","family":"Vy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Minh","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dao Nguyen","family":"Vinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janko","family":"van Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pham Hong","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha Minh","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thanh","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Le","family":"Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huynh Le Anh","family":"Huy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vo Thi Hong","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy E.","family":"Thwaites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Nam","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Thi Kim","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron P.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Van Vinh","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Koopmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej F.","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6177_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit224","volume":"208","author":"MF Boni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boni, M. F. et al. Population-level antibody estimates to novel influenza A\/H7N9. J Infect Dis \n                           208, 554\u2013558 (2013).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu034","volume":"210","author":"S Todd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Todd, S., de Bruin, E., Nhat, N. T. D., Koopmans, M. & Boni, M. F. Reply to Pawar et al.\u2013Immunity Status Against Influenza A Subtype H7N9 and Other Avian Influenza Viruses in a High-Risk Group and the General Population in India. J Infect Dis \n                           210, 161\u2013163 (2014).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR3","unstructured":"Todd, S. Influenza in Vietnam: cross immunity from prior infection and its effect on population-level estimates of infection. (University of Liverpool and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, PhD Thesis, 2016)."},{"key":"6177_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr245","volume":"174","author":"A Steens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steens, A. et al. Age-dependent patterns of infection and severity explaining the low impact of 2009 influenza A (H1N1): Evidence from serial serologic surveys in the Netherlands. Am J Epid \n                           174, 1307\u20131315 (2011).","journal-title":"Am J Epid"},{"key":"6177_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.404","volume":"303","author":"MIC Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, M. I. C. et al. 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Seroconversion Rates and Risk Factors Among Distinct Adult Cohorts in Singapore. J Am Med Assoc \n                           303, 1383\u20131391 (2010).","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"6177_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1086\/656740","volume":"51","author":"JT Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu, J. T. et al. The Infection Attack Rate and Severity of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Hong Kong. Clin Infect Dis \n                           51, 1184\u20131191 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62126-7","volume":"375","author":"E Miller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miller, E. et al. Incidence of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in England: a cross-sectional serological study. Lancet \n                           375, 1100\u20131108 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6177_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003061","volume":"8","author":"S Cauchemez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cauchemez, S. et al. Influenza Infection Rates, Measurement Errors and the Interpretation of Paired Serology. PLoS Pathog \n                           8, e1003061 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"6177_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05072-11","volume":"18","author":"E Broberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Broberg, E., Nicoll, A. & Amato-Gauci, A. Seroprevalence to influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus - Where are we? Clin Vacc Immunol \n                           18, 1205\u20131212 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin Vacc Immunol"},{"key":"6177_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2442","volume":"25","author":"AL Baughman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baughman, A. L., Bisgard, K. M., Lynn, F. & Meade, B. D. Mixture model analysis for establishing a diagnostic cut-off point for pertussis antibody levels. Stat. Med. \n                           25, 2994\u20133010 (2006).","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"6177_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gay, N. J., Vyse, A. J., Enquselassie, F., Nigatu, W. & Nokes, D. J. Improving sensitivity of oral fluid testing in IgG prevalence studies: application of mixture models to a rubella antibody survey. Epidemiol Infect 285\u2013291 (2003).","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802008051"},{"key":"6177_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.7.654","volume":"155","author":"BE Neuenschwander","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neuenschwander, B. E., Zwahlen, M., Kim, S. J., Lee, E. G. & Rieder, H. L. Determination of the prevalence of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among persons vaccinated against Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in South Korea. Am J Epidemiol \n                           155, 654\u2013663 (2002).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6177_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808000393","volume":"136","author":"P Hardelid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hardelid, P. et al. Analysis of rubella antibody distribution from newborn dried blood spots using finite mixture models. Epidemiol Infect \n                           136, 1698\u20131706 (2008).","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"6177_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)90044-2","volume":"56","author":"M Greiner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Greiner, M., Franke, C. R., B\u00f6hning, D. & Schlattmann, P. Construction of an intrinsic cut-off value for the sero-epidemiological study of Trypanosoma evansi infections in a canine population in Brazil: a new approach towards an unbiased estimation of prevalence. Acta Trop. \n                           56, 97\u2013109 (1994).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"6177_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.094","volume":"26","author":"MC Rota","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rota, M. C. et al. Measles serological survey in the Italian population: Interpretation of results using mixture model. Vaccine \n                           26, 4403\u20134409 (2008).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"6177_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804003140","volume":"132","author":"AJ Vyse","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vyse, A. J., Gay, N. J., Hesketh, L. M., Morgan-Capner, P. & Miller, E. Seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus in England and Wales in children and young adults. Epidemiol. Infect. \n                           132, 1129\u201334 (2004).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"6177_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujii, Y. et al. Serological Surveillance Development for Tropical Infectious Diseases Using Simultaneous Microsphere-Based Multiplex Assays and Finite Mixture Models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis \n                           8 (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003040"},{"key":"6177_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.081","volume":"29","author":"Y Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Sero-epidemiology of measles in general population in Jiangsu province of China: Application of mixture models to interpret the results from a cross-sectional study. Vaccine \n                           29, 1000\u20131004 (2011).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"6177_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"te Beest, D. E., Birrell, P. J., Wallinga, J., De Angelis, D. & van Boven, M. Joint modelling of serological and hospitalization data reveals that high levels of pre-existing immunity and school holidays shaped the influenza A pandemic of 2009 in The Netherlands. J R Soc Interface \n                           12 (2015).","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.1244"},{"key":"6177_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"te Beest, D. et al. Discrimination of influenza infection (A\/2009 H1N1) from prior exposure by antibody protein microarray analysis. PLoS One \n                           9 (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113021"},{"key":"6177_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54890","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054890","volume":"8","author":"EGW Huijskens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huijskens, E. G. W. et al. Profiling of Humoral Response to Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Infection and Vaccination Measured by a Protein Microarray in Persons with and without History of Seasonal Vaccination. PLoS One \n                           8, e54890 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6177_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit372","volume":"208","author":"S Ng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ng, S. et al. Estimation of the association between antibody titers and protection against confirmed influenza virus infection in children. J Infect Dis \n                           208, 1320\u20131324 (2013).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.74.5.433","volume":"74","author":"FL Horsfall Jr.","year":"1941","unstructured":"Horsfall, F. L. Jr. & Rickard, E. R. Neutralizing antibodies in human serum after influenza A: The lack of strain specificity in the immunological response. J Exp Med \n                           74, 433\u2013439 (1941).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6177_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws121","volume":"175","author":"P Horby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Horby, P. et al. The Epidemiology of Interpandemic and Pandemic Influenza in Vietnam, 2007\u20132010: The Ha Nam Household Cohort Study I. Am J Epidemiol \n                           175, 1062\u20131074 (2012).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6177_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000277","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000277","volume":"7","author":"TT Hien","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hien, T. T. et al. Early Pandemic Influenza (2009 H1N1) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Clinical Virological and Epidemiological Analysis. PLoS Med \n                           7, e1000277 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"6177_CR26","unstructured":"Lam, H. M. et al. Non-annual seasonality of influenza-like illness in a tropical urban setting. bioRxiv 100222 (2017)."},{"key":"6177_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.018","volume":"31","author":"YT Nguyen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nguyen, Y. T. et al. National surveillance for influenza and influenza-like illness in Vietnam, 2006\u22122010. Vaccine \n                           31, 4368\u20134374 (2013).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"6177_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130349","volume":"19","author":"MQ Le","year":"2013","unstructured":"Le, M. Q. et al. Migration and Persistence of Human Influenza A Viruses, Vietnam, 2001\u20132008. Emerg Infect Dis \n                           19, 1756\u20131765 (2013).","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030089","volume":"3","author":"C Viboud","year":"2006","unstructured":"Viboud, C., Alonso, W. J. & Simonsen, L. Influenza in tropical regions. PLoS Med \n                           3, e89 (2006).","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"6177_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm012","volume":"165","author":"WJ Alonso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alonso, W. J. et al. Seasonality of influenza in Brazil: a traveling wave from the Amazon to the subtropics. Am J Epidemiol \n                           165, 1434\u201342 (2007).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6177_CR31","first-page":"2004","volume":"5","author":"J Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin, J. et al. Influenza seasonality and predominant subtypes of influenza virus in Guangdong, China, 2004\u20132012. J Thorac. Dis \n                           5, 2004\u20132012 (2013).","journal-title":"J Thorac. Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu047","volume":"201","author":"MI Nelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nelson, M. I. et al. Multi-year persistence of two pandemic A\/H1N1 influenza virus lineages in West Africa. J Infect Dis \n                           201, 121\u2013125 (2014).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis526","volume":"207","author":"X Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng, X. et al. Epidemiological dynamics and phylogeography of influenza virus in southern china. J Infect Dis \n                           207, 106\u201314 (2013).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6177_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2015.02.005","volume":"12","author":"DN Vinh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vinh, D. N. & Boni, M. F. Statistical identifiability and sample size calculations for serial seroepidemiology. Epidemics \n                           12, 30\u201339 (2015).","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"6177_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004054","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004054","volume":"10","author":"JT Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, J. T. et al. Inferring influenza infection attack rate from seroprevalence data. PLoS Pathog \n                           10, e1004054 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"6177_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004882","volume":"12","author":"B Borremans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borremans, B., Hens, N., Beutels, P., Leirs, H. & Reijniers, J. Estimating Time of Infection Using Prior Serological and Individual Information Can Greatly Improve Incidence Estimation of Human and Wildlife Infections. PLoS Comput Biol \n                           12, 1\u201318 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"6177_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.10.020","volume":"53","author":"HE de Melker","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Melker, H. E., Versteegh, F. G. A., Schellekens, J. F. P., Teunis, P. F. M. & Kretzschmar, M. The incidence of Bordetella pertussis infections estimated in the population from a combination of serological surveys. J Infect \n                           53, 106\u2013113 (2006).","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"6177_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3592","volume":"28","author":"J Simonsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simonsen, J. et al. Estimation of incidences of infectious diseases based on antibody measurements. Stat Med \n                           28, 1882\u20131895 (2009).","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"6177_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5322","volume":"31","author":"PFM Teunis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teunis, P. F. M. et al. Biomarker dynamics: Estimating infection rates from serological data. Stat Med \n                           31, 2240\u20132248 (2012).","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"6177_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805003833","volume":"133","author":"FGA Versteegh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Versteegh, F. G. A. et al. Age-specific long-term course of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin after symptomatic infection with Bordetella pertussis. Epid Infect \n                           133, 737\u2013748 (2005).","journal-title":"Epid Infect"},{"key":"6177_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.2.314-319.2001","volume":"8","author":"MA Strid","year":"2001","unstructured":"Strid, M. A. et al. Antibody Responses to CampylobacterInfections Determined by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: 2-Year Follow-Up Study of 210 Patients Antibody Responses to Campylobacter Infections Determined by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: 2-Year Follow-Up. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. \n                           8, 314\u2013319 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"6177_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002802","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002802","volume":"8","author":"J Lessler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lessler, J. et al. Evidence for Antigenic Seniority in Influenza A (H3N2) Antibody Responses in Southern China. PLoS Pathog \n                           8, e1002802 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"6177_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.124.3.331","volume":"124","author":"S Fazekas De St. Groth","year":"1966","unstructured":"Fazekas De St. Groth, S. & Webster, R. G. Disquisitions on Original Antigenic Sin. I. Evidence in Man. J Exp Med \n                           124, 331\u2013345 (1966).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6177_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berto, A. et al. Hepatitis E in southern Vietnam: seroepidemiology in humans and molecular epidemiology in pigs. Zoonoses Public Health \n                           http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12364\/full (2017).","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12364"},{"key":"6177_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03701.x","volume":"18","author":"M Koopmans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koopmans, M. et al. Profiling of humoral immune responses to influenza viruses by using protein microarray. Clin Microbiol Infect \n                           18, 797\u2013807 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"6177_CR46","unstructured":"Government Statistics Office of Vietnam. Vietnam population and housing census 2009, age-sex structure and marital status of the population in Vietnam. (2011)."},{"key":"6177_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hens, N., Shkedy, Z., Aerts, M. & Faes, C. Modeling infectious disease paramters based on serological and social contact data. (Springer, 2012).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4072-7"},{"key":"6177_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLachlan, G. & Peel, D. Finite Mixture Models. (John Wiley & Sons, 2000).","DOI":"10.1002\/0471721182"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06177-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06177-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06177-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:14:30Z","timestamp":1671761670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06177-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06177-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/090076","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"MFB has been a paid consultant to Visterra Inc in Cambridge MA.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"6060"}}