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Results showed that both in mice and rats CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> rendered significant increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde formation, decreases in antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and up-regulated expressions of transforming growth factor-\u03b21, \u03b1-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2 in the liver tissues. Hydroxyproline contents in the rat livers were increased by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Histopathological examinations indicated that CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> induced extensive necrosis in mice livers and pseudo-lobule formations, collagen deposition in rats livers. However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment. Furthermore, up-regulations of nuclear factor-\u03baB p65 protein expression by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> treatment in mice and rats livers were also remarkably reduced by exogenous TB4 administration. Taken together, findings in this study suggested that exogenous TB4 might prevent CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-induced acute liver injury and subsequent fibrosis through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06318-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T11:47:55Z","timestamp":1499946475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effects of exogenous thymosin \u03b24 on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xiankui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6318_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05492.x","volume":"1194","author":"D Crockford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crockford, D., Turjman, N., Allan, C. & Angel, J. 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