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Although phagocyte Nox2\/gp91phox is closely associated with the activation of host innate immune responses, the roles of Nox family protein during<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>) infection have not been fully investigated. Here, we found that<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>-mediated ROS production was required for the upregulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA and protein levels via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-\u03baB signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, MIF knockdown led to a significant increase in the survival of intracellular<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Moreover, Nox4 deficiency, but not Nox2\/gp91phox and the cytosolic subunit p47phox, resulted in enhanced survival of the intracellular<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>RH strain and impaired expression of<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>-mediated MIF in BMDMs. Additionally,<jats:italic>Nox4<\/jats:italic>-deficient mice showed increased susceptibility to virulent RH strain infection and increased cyst burden in brain tissues and low levels of MIF expression following infection with the avirulent ME49 strain. Collectively, our findings indicate that Nox4-mediated ROS generation plays a central role in MIF production and resistance to<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06610-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T09:41:06Z","timestamp":1500457266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["NADPH oxidase 4 is required for the generation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and host defense against Toxoplasma gondii infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jina","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Jin","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung-Joon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeyul","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang-Ho","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heon Jong","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Kyeong","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun Soo","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Ha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0630-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Yuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6610_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01165-7","volume":"6","author":"JF Dubremetz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dubremetz, J. 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