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In order to examine the neural substrates underlying more natural, spontaneous deception in real social interactions, the present study employed a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning technique to simultaneously measure pairs of participants\u2019 fronto-temporal activations in a two-person gambling card-game. We demonstrated higher TPJ activation in deceptive compared to honest acts. Analysis of participants\u2019 inter-brain correlation further revealed that the STS is uniquely involved in deception but not in honesty, especially in females. These results suggest that the STS may play a critical role in spontaneous deception due to mentalizing requirements relating to modulating opponents\u2019 thoughts. To our knowledge, this study was the first to investigate such inter-brain correlates of deception in real face-to-face interactions, and thus is hoped to provide a new path for future complex social behavior research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06764-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T08:23:00Z","timestamp":1501662180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Gender difference in spontaneous deception: A hyperscanning study using functional near-infrared spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mingming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Pelowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongchuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"6764_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328332c3cf","volume":"22","author":"N Abe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abe, N. 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