{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:20:40Z","timestamp":1785223240603,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine the incidence and characteristics of active tuberculosis (TB) in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists according to baseline latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Data were retrospectively obtained from 702 patients aged \u226520 years treated with TNF antagonists between November 2005 and June 2016 at Severance Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) with or without a tuberculin skin test (TST) was used to diagnose LTBI. Of the total of 702 patients, LTBI was diagnosed in 255 (36.3%) patients. 23.9% (168\/702) had positive IGRA results, and 32.2% (165\/512) had positive TST results. Five patients developed active TB after LTBI treatment, and 6 developed TB despite baseline negative LTBI results. After adjustment for age and sex, the standardized TB incidence ratio was 6.01 (95% CI 1.94\u201314.04) in the LTBI group and 5.14 (95% CI 1.88\u201311.18) in the baseline negative LTBI group. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of active TB in patients treated with TNF antagonists despite baseline negative LTBI screening results. Regular monitoring and serial tests should be considered during long-term TNF antagonist therapy, especially in intermediate to high TB burden country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06899-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T15:41:36Z","timestamp":1500478896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Active Tuberculosis Incidence and Characteristics in Patients Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists According to Latent Tuberculosis Infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eun Hye","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ah Young","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moo Suk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Sam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Yee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6899_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011110","volume":"345","author":"J Keane","year":"2001","unstructured":"Keane, J. et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med \n                           345, 1098\u20131104 (2001).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6899_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028510","volume":"36","author":"I Solovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Solovic, I. et al. The risk of tuberculosis related to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapies: a TBNET consensus statement. Eur Respir J \n                           36, 1185\u20131206 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"6899_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11137","volume":"48","author":"JJ Gomez-Reino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gomez-Reino, J. J., Carmona, L., Valverde, V. R., Mola, E. M. & Montero, M. D. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may predispose to significant increase in tuberculosis risk: a multicenter active-surveillance report. Arthritis Rheum \n                           48, 2122\u20132127 (2003).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6899_CR4","unstructured":"Joint Committee for the Revision of Korean Guidelines for, T., Korean Academy of, T., Respiratory, D., Korea Centers for Disease, C. & Prevention. Korean guidelines for tuberculosis 2nd edn (Joint Committee for the Revision of Korean Guidelines for Tuberculosis, 2014)."},{"key":"6899_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BTS recommendations for assessing risk and for managing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in patients due to start anti-TNF-alpha treatment. Thorax \n                           60, 800\u2013805 (2005).","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.046797"},{"key":"6899_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.8.791","volume":"62","author":"X Mariette","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mariette, X. & Salmon, D. French guidelines for diagnosis and treating latent and active tuberculosis in patients with RA treated with TNF blockers. Ann Rheum Dis \n                           62, 791 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6899_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214673","volume":"63","author":"R Diel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diel, R., Hauer, B., Loddenkemper, R., Manger, B. & Kruger, K. [Recommendations for tuberculosis screening before initiation of TNF-alpha-inhibitor treatment in rheumatic diseases]. 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Risk of tuberculosis in patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: a nationwide study in South Korea, a country with an intermediate tuberculosis burden. Int J Rheum Dis \n                           18, 323\u2013330 (2015).","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6899_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12188","volume":"17","author":"SV Navarra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Navarra, S. V. et al. Risk of tuberculosis with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy: substantially higher number of patients at risk in Asia. Int J Rheum Dis \n                           17, 291\u2013298 (2014).","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6899_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. This is a Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This statement was endorsed by the Council of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. (IDSA), September 1999, and the sections of this statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med \n                           161, S221\u2013247 (2000).","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.supplement_3.ats600"},{"key":"6899_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-478OC","volume":"170","author":"D Menzies","year":"2004","unstructured":"Menzies, D. et al. Treatment completion and costs of a randomized trial of rifampin for 4 months versus isoniazid for 9 months. 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Int J Tuberc Lung Dis \n                           19, 342\u2013348 (2015).","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"6899_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.1000960","volume":"50","author":"JM Byun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Byun, J. M. et al. Risks for opportunistic tuberculosis infection in a cohort of 873 patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor. Scand J Gastroenterol \n                           50, 312\u2013320 (2015).","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"6899_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2012.73.1.48","volume":"73","author":"YS Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park, Y. S. et al. The national status of tuberculosis using nationwide medical records survey of patients with tuberculosis in Korea. 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J Rheumatol Suppl \n                           89, 82\u201385 (2012).","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06899-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06899-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06899-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T07:23:46Z","timestamp":1671780226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-06899-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06899-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"6473"}}