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Interleukin (IL-)33 released from epithelial cells in the lung drives the type 2 immune response by activating ST2\u2212 expressed immune cells in various allergic diseases. However, the involvement of memory-type ST2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in such lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that intratracheal administration of IL-33 resulted in the substantial increase of numbers of tissue-resident memory-type ST2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the lung. Following enhanced production of IL-5 and IL-13, eosinophilic lung inflammation sequentially developed. IL-33-mediated eosinophilic lung inflammation was not fully developed in T cell-deficient <jats:italic>Foxn1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\n                  <jats:italic>nu<\/jats:italic>\n                <\/jats:sup> mice and NSG mice. Dexamethasone treatment showed limited effects on both the cell number and function of memory-type ST2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Thus our study provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of eosinophilic lung disease, showing that memory-type ST2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells are involved in IL-33-induced eosinophilic inflammation and elicited steroid-resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06962-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T11:43:33Z","timestamp":1500896613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells participate in the steroid-resistant pathology of eosinophilic pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Naoko","family":"Mato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Hirahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Yamasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Bando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihiko","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6962_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.08.017","volume":"35","author":"Y Endo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Endo, Y. et al. Eomesodermin controls interleukin-5 production in memory T helper 2 cells through inhibition of activity of the transcription factor GATA3. Immunity \n                           35, 733\u2013745, doi:10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.08.017 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6962_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512600113","volume":"113","author":"K Shinoda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shinoda, K. et al. Thy1\u2009+\u2009IL-7+ lymphatic endothelial cells in iBALT provide a survival niche for memory T-helper cells in allergic airway inflammation. 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