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This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus salivarius<\/jats:italic> LI01, <jats:italic>Pediococcus pentosaceus<\/jats:italic> LI05, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG, <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> MIYAIRI and <jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic> Zhengchangsheng on CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-induced cirrhotic rats. Only administration of LI01 or LI05 prevented liver fibrosis and down-regulated the hepatic expression of profibrogenic genes. Serum endotoxins, bacterial translocations (BTs), and destruction of intestinal mucosal ultrastructure were reduced in rats treated with LI01 or LI05, indicating maintenance of the gut barrier as a mechanism; this was further confirmed by the reduction of not only hepatic inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-17A, but also hepatic TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9. Metagenomic sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed an increase in potential beneficial bacteria, such as <jats:italic>Elusimicrobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, such as <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>. These alterations in gut microbiome were correlated with profibrogenic genes, gut barrier markers and inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>salivarius<\/jats:italic> LI01 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pentosaceus<\/jats:italic> LI05 attenuated liver fibrosis by protecting the intestinal barrier and promoting microbiome health. These results suggest novel strategies for the prevention of liver cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07091-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T14:01:17Z","timestamp":1500991277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Administration of Lactobacillus salivarius LI01 or Pediococcus pentosaceus LI05 prevents CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis by protecting the intestinal barrier in rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ding","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longxian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiqiong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenrui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lichen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dewi","family":"Andayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"7091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60121-5","volume":"383","author":"EA Tsochatzis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsochatzis, E. 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