{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T18:27:17Z","timestamp":1794076037006,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) pathway is a brain circuit that controls movement execution, habit formation and reward. Hyperactivity in the CSTC pathway is involved in obsessive compulsive disorder\u00a0(OCD), a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the execution of repetitive involuntary movements. The striatum shapes the activity of the CSTC pathway through the coordinated activation of two classes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing D1 or D2 dopamine receptors. The exact mechanisms by which balanced excitation\/inhibition (E\/I)\u00a0of these cells controls the network dynamics of the CSTC pathway remain unclear. Here we use non-linear modeling of neuronal activity and bifurcation theory to investigate how global and local changes in E\/I of MSNs regulate the activity of the CSTC pathway. Our findings indicate that a global and proportionate increase in E\/I pushes the system to states of generalized hyper-activity throughout the entire CSTC pathway. Certain disproportionate changes in global E\/I trigger network oscillations. Local changes in the E\/I of MSNs generate specific oscillatory behaviors in MSNs and in the CSTC pathway. These findings indicate that subtle changes in the relative strength of E\/I of MSNs can powerfully control the network dynamics of the CSTC pathway in ways that are not easily predicted by its synaptic connections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07527-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T07:56:09Z","timestamp":1501660569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Global and local excitation and inhibition shape the dynamics of the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Anca","family":"R\u0103dulescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Herron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0901-5594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4975-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Scimemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"7527_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graybiel, A. M., Aosaki, T., Flaherty, A. W., Kimura, M. et al. The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control. Science-New York Then Washington-, pages 1826\u20131826 (1994).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8091209"},{"issue":"6","key":"7527_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.04.010","volume":"21","author":"JT Ting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ting, J. T. & Feng, G. Neurobiology of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: insights into neural circuitry dysfunction through mouse genetics. Current opinion in neurobiology \n                           21(6), 842\u2013848 (2011).","journal-title":"Current opinion in neurobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"7527_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.035","volume":"43","author":"JD Berke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berke, J. D., Okatan, M., Skurski, J. & Eichenbaum, H. B. Oscillatory entrainment of striatal neurons in freely moving rats. Neuron \n                           43(6), 883\u2013896 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"7527_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80004-9","volume":"7","author":"NM White","year":"1997","unstructured":"White, N. M. Mnemonic functions of the basal ganglia. Current opinion in neurobiology \n                           7(2), 164\u2013169 (1997).","journal-title":"Current opinion in neurobiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"7527_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.4.1697","volume":"77","author":"EA Stern","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stern, E. A., Kincaid, A. E. & Wilson, C. J. Spontaneous subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations and action potential variability of rat corticostriatal and striatal neurons in vivo. Journal of Neurophysiology \n                           77(4), 1697\u20131715 (1997).","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7527_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70181-7","volume":"23","author":"S Saxena","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saxena, S. & Rauch, S. L. Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America \n                           23(3), 563\u2013586 (2000).","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(94)90022-1","volume":"17","author":"CR Gerfen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gerfen, C. R. & Keefe, K. A. Neostriatal dopamine receptors. Trends in Neurosciences \n                           17(1), 2\u20133 (1994).","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"issue":"7436","key":"7527_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11846","volume":"494","author":"G Cui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cui, G. et al. Concurrent activation of striatal direct and indirect pathways during action initiation. Nature \n                           494(7436), 238\u2013242 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"7527_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3100","volume":"15","author":"AV Kravitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kravitz, A. V., Tye, L. D. & Kreitzer, A. C. Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement. Nature neuroscience \n                           15(6), 816\u2013818 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"6137","key":"7527_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234733","volume":"340","author":"SE Ahmari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahmari, S. E. et al. Repeated cortico-striatal stimulation generates persistent ocd-like behavior. Science \n                           340(6137), 1234\u20131239 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6137","key":"7527_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232380","volume":"340","author":"E Burgui\u00e9re","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burgui\u00e9re, E., Monteiro, P., Feng, G. & Graybiel, A. M. Optogenetic stimulation of lateral orbitofronto-striatal pathway suppresses compulsive behaviors. Science \n                           340(6137), 1243\u20131246 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7527_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.09.032","volume":"1629","author":"EJ Nordstrom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nordstrom, E. J., Bittner, K. C., McGrath, M. J., Parks, C. R. & Burton, F. H. \u201cHyperglutamatergic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit\u201d breaker drugs alleviate tics in a transgenic circuit model of tourette\u2019s syndrome. Brain research \n                           1629, 38\u201353 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"issue":"37","key":"7527_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13307","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502624102","volume":"102","author":"PSA Kalanithi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalanithi, P. S. A. et al. Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with tourette syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \n                           102(37), 13307\u201313312 (2005).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"7527_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22206","volume":"518","author":"Y Kataoka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kataoka, Y. et al. Decreased number of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of individuals with tourette syndrome. Journal of Comparative Neurology \n                           518(3), 277\u2013291 (2010).","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7527_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419533112","volume":"112","author":"M Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, M. et al. Targeted ablation of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsolateral striatum produces behavioral manifestations of tourette syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \n                           112(3), 893\u2013898 (2015).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(72)86068-5","volume":"12","author":"HR Wilson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wilson, H. R. & Cowan, J. D. Excitatory and inhibitory interactions in localized populations of model neurons. Biophysical journal \n                           12(1), 1 (1972).","journal-title":"Biophysical journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-009-0328-3","volume":"101","author":"A Destexhe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Destexhe, A. & Sejnowski, T. The Wilson\u2013Cowan model, 36 years later. Biological cybernetics \n                           101(1), 1\u20132 (2009).","journal-title":"Biological cybernetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13408-015-0034-5","volume":"6","author":"J Cowan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cowan, J., Neuman, J. & Drongelen, Wvan Wilson\u2013Cowan equations for neocortical dynamics. The Journal of Mathematical Neuroscience \n                           6(1), 1 (2016).","journal-title":"The Journal of Mathematical Neuroscience"},{"key":"7527_CR19","unstructured":"Shusterman, V. & Troy, W. C. From baseline to epileptiform activity: a path to synchronized rhythmicity in large-scale neural networks. Physical Review E."},{"issue":"6","key":"7527_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02458296","volume":"57","author":"GN Borisyuk","year":"1995","unstructured":"Borisyuk, G. N., Borisyuk, R. M., Khibnik, A. I. & Roose, D. Dynamics and bifurcations of two coupled neural oscillators with different connection types. Bulletin of mathematical biology \n                           57(6), 809\u2013840 (1995).","journal-title":"Bulletin of mathematical biology"},{"key":"7527_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u0103dulescu, A. & Verduzco-Flores, S. Nonlinear network dynamics under perturbations of the underlying graph. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science \n                           25(1) (2015).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4906213"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1145\/980175.980184","volume":"38","author":"A Dhooge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dhooge, A., Govaerts, W. & Kuznetsov, Y. A. Matcont: a matlab package for numerical bifurcation analysis of odes. ACM SIGSAM Bulletin \n                           38(1), 21\u201322 (2004).","journal-title":"ACM SIGSAM Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"7527_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/13873950701742754","volume":"14","author":"A Dhooge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dhooge, A., Govaerts, W., Kuznetsov, Y. A., Meijer, H. G. E. & Sautois, B. New features of the software matcont for bifurcation analysis of dynamical systems. Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems \n                           14(2), 147\u2013175 (2008).","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems"},{"key":"7527_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ting, J. T. & Feng, G. Glutamatergic synaptic dysfunction and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Current chemical genomics \n                           2(1) (2008).","DOI":"10.2174\/1875397300802010062"},{"issue":"14","key":"7527_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00593-5","volume":"10","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graybiel, A. M. The basal ganglia. Current Biology \n                           10(14), R509\u2013R511 (2000).","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.06.030183.000445","volume":"6","author":"JB Penney","year":"1983","unstructured":"Penney, J. B. & Young, A. B. Speculations on the functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Annual review of neuroscience \n                           6(1), 73\u201394 (1983).","journal-title":"Annual review of neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"7527_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002954","volume":"9","author":"A Ponzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ponzi, A. & Wickens, J. R. Optimal balance of the striatal medium spiny neuron network. PLoS Comput Biol \n                           9(4), e1002954 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7527_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-X","volume":"12","author":"RL Albin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Albin, R. L., Young, A. B. & Penney, J. B. The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends in neurosciences \n                           12(10), 366\u2013375 (1989).","journal-title":"Trends in neurosciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"7527_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90107-L","volume":"13","author":"GE Alexander","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alexander, G. E. & Crutcher, M. D. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends in neurosciences \n                           13(7), 266\u2013271 (1990).","journal-title":"Trends in neurosciences"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 3","key":"7527_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.3_Suppl_3.S6","volume":"45","author":"P Jenner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jenner, P. The rationale for the use of dopamine agonists in parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology \n                           45(3 Suppl 3), S6\u2013S12 (1995).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7527_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2004.06.015","volume":"50","author":"K Takakusaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Takakusaki, K., Saitoh, K., Harada, H. & Kashiwayanagi, M. Role of basal ganglia\u2013brainstem pathways in the control of motor behaviors. Neuroscience research \n                           50(2), 137\u2013151 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuroscience research"},{"issue":"3","key":"7527_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800150017003","volume":"44","author":"LR Baxter","year":"1987","unstructured":"Baxter, L. R. et al. Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls. Archives of General Psychiatry \n                           44(3), 211\u2013218 (1987).","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"7527_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.12.1560","volume":"145","author":"JC Mazziotta","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E. & Pahl, J. J. Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry \n                           145, 1560\u20133 (1988).","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"7527_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810060038007","volume":"46","author":"SE Swedo","year":"1989","unstructured":"Swedo, S. E. et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry \n                           46(6), 518\u2013523 (1989).","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"7527_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2191","volume":"114","author":"GV Sawle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sawle, G. V., Hymas, N. F., Lees, A. J. & Frackowiak, R. S. J. Obsessional slowness. Brain \n                           114(5), 2191\u20132202 (1991).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010062008","volume":"51","author":"SL Rauch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rauch, S. L. et al. Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography. Archives of General Psychiatry \n                           51(1), 62\u201370 (1994).","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"7527_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.4.459","volume":"164","author":"PK McGuire","year":"1994","unstructured":"McGuire, P. K. et al. Functional anatomy of obsessive-compulsive phenomena. The British Journal of Psychiatry \n                           164(4), 459\u2013468 (1994).","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.100006","volume":"36","author":"T Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Yang, Y., Li, B., Yue, Q. & Zang, Y. Abnormal small-world architecture of top-down control networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN \n                           36(1), 23 (2011).","journal-title":"Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN"},{"issue":"8","key":"7527_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.002","volume":"75","author":"D-J Shin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shin, D.-J. et al. The effects of pharmacological treatment on functional brain connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological psychiatry \n                           75(8), 606\u2013614 (2014).","journal-title":"Biological psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"7527_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.130220","volume":"39","author":"J-M Hou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hou, J.-M. et al. Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their healthy first-degree relatives. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN \n                           39(5), 304 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN"},{"issue":"11","key":"7527_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5617","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22574","volume":"35","author":"M G\u00f6ttlich","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00f6ttlich, M., Kr\u00e4mer, U. M., Kordon, A., Hohagen, F. & Zurowski, B. Decreased limbic and increased fronto-parietal connectivity in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human brain mapping \n                           35(11), 5617\u20135632 (2014).","journal-title":"Human brain mapping"},{"issue":"9","key":"7527_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e882","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.163","volume":"6","author":"TJ Reess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reess, T. J. et al. Connectomics-based structural network alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Translational Psychiatry \n                           6(9), e882 (2016).","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00266.1998","volume":"18","author":"D Plenz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Plenz, D. & Kitai, S. T. Up and down states in striatal medium spiny neurons simultaneously recorded with spontaneous activity in fast-spiking interneurons studied in cortex\u2013striatum\u2013substantia nigra organotypic cultures. Journal of Neuroscience \n                           18(1), 266\u2013283 (1998).","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91055-6","volume":"543","author":"JW Aldridge","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aldridge, J. W. & Gilman, S. The temporal structure of spike trains in the primate basal ganglia: afferent regulation of bursting demonstrated with precentral cerebral cortical ablation. Brain research \n                           543(1), 123\u2013138 (1991).","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90211-0","volume":"220","author":"CJ Wilson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wilson, C. J. & Groves, P. M. Spontaneous firing patterns of identified spiny neurons in the rat neostriatum. Brain research \n                           220(1), 67\u201380 (1981).","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"key":"7527_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61352-7","volume":"99","author":"CJ Wilson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilson, C. J. The generation of natural firing patterns in neostriatal neurons. Progress in brain research \n                           99, 277\u2013297 (1993).","journal-title":"Progress in brain research"},{"issue":"9","key":"7527_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12695","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012695","volume":"5","author":"AR Radulescu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Radulescu, A. R. Mechanisms explaining transitions between tonic and phasic firing in neuronal populations as predicted by a low dimensional firing rate model. PloS one \n                           5(9), e12695 (2010).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"12","key":"7527_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500450112","volume":"112","author":"S Krabbe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krabbe, S. et al. Increased dopamine d2 receptor activity in the striatum alters the firing pattern of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \n                           112(12), E1498\u2013E1506 (2015).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"14","key":"7527_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5097-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"A Sharott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sharott, A. et al. Different subtypes of striatal neurons are selectively modulated by cortical oscillations. The Journal of Neuroscience \n                           29(14), 4571\u20134585 (2009).","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1817","volume":"10","author":"HE Atallah","year":"2007","unstructured":"Atallah, H. E., Lopez-Paniagua, D., Rudy, J. W. & O\u2019Reilly, R. C. Separate neural substrates for skill learning and performance in the ventral and dorsal striatum. Nature neuroscience \n                           10(1), 126\u2013131 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"7527_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/nn973","volume":"5","author":"PJ Hernandez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hernandez, P. J., Sadeghian, K. & Kelley, A. E. Early consolidation of instrumental learning requires protein synthesis in the nucleus accumbens. Nature neuroscience \n                           5(12), 1327\u20131331 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"40","key":"7527_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113158108","volume":"108","author":"MW Howe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howe, M. W., Atallah, H. E., McCool, A., Gibson, D. J. & Graybiel, A. M. Habit learning is associated with major shifts in frequencies of oscillatory activity and synchronized spike firing in striatum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \n                           108(40), 16801\u201316806 (2011).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"7527_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physd.2009.06.003","volume":"239","author":"ZP Kilpatrick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilpatrick, Z. P. & Bressloff, P. C. Effects of synaptic depression and adaptation on spatiotemporal dynamics of an excitatory neuronal network. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena \n                           239(9), 547\u2013560 (2010).","journal-title":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena"},{"issue":"6692","key":"7527_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/28848","volume":"394","author":"EA Stern","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stern, E. A., Jaeger, D. & Wilson, C. J. Membrane potential synchrony of simultaneously recorded striatal spiny neurons in vivo. Nature \n                           394(6692), 475\u2013478 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"7527_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00405-X","volume":"70","author":"D Plenz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Plenz, D. & Aertsen, A. Neural dynamics in cortex-striatum co-culturesii. spatiotemporal characteristics of neuronal activity. Neuroscience \n                           70(4), 893\u2013924 (1996).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"7527_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-07-02397.1996","volume":"16","author":"CJ Wilson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wilson, C. J. & Kawaguchi, Y. The origins of two-state spontaneous membrane potential fluctuations of neostriatal spiny neurons. Journal of neuroscience \n                           16(7), 2397\u20132410 (1996).","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"7527_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00410-6","volume":"70","author":"H Kita","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kita, H. Glutamatergic and gabaergic postsynaptic responses of striatal spiny neurons to intrastriatal and cortical stimulation recorded in slice preparations. Neuroscience \n                           70(4), 925\u2013940 (1996).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"7527_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90471-5","volume":"62","author":"BD Bennett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bennett, B. D. & Bolam, J. P. Synaptic input and output of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the rat. Neuroscience \n                           62(3), 707\u2013719 (1994).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"7527_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90002-S","volume":"536","author":"H Kita","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kita, H., Kosaka, T. & Heizmann, C. W. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum: a light and electron microscopic study. Brain research \n                           536(1), 1\u201315 (1990).","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"issue":"7","key":"7527_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-07-02477.1997","volume":"17","author":"HB Parthasarathy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Parthasarathy, H. B. & Graybiel, A. M. Cortically driven immediate-early gene expression reflects modular influence of sensorimotor cortex on identified striatal neurons in the squirrel monkey. Journal of Neuroscience \n                           17(7), 2477\u20132491 (1997).","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-07527-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-07527-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-07527-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:16:39Z","timestamp":1671765399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-07527-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-07527-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/173658","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"7608"}}