{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:55:14Z","timestamp":1782935714681,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Printing techniques could offer a scalable approach to fabricate thermoelectric (TE) devices on flexible substrates for power generation used in wearable devices and personalized thermo-regulation. However, typical printing processes need a large concentration of binder additives, which often render a detrimental effect on electrical transport of the printed TE layers. Here, we report scalable screen-printing of TE layers on flexible fiber glass fabrics, by rationally optimizing the printing inks consisting of TE particles (p-type Bi<jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub>Sb<jats:sub>1.5<\/jats:sub>Te<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> or n-type Bi<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Te<jats:sub>2.7<\/jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>0.3<\/jats:sub>), binders, and organic solvents. We identified a suitable binder additive, methyl cellulose, which offers suitable viscosity for printability at a very small concentration (0.45\u20130.60\u2009wt.%), thus minimizing its negative impact on electrical transport. Following printing, the binders were subsequently burnt off via sintering and hot pressing. We found that the nanoscale defects left behind after the binder burnt off became effective phonon scattering centers, leading to low lattice thermal conductivity in the printed n-type material. With the high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity, the screen-printed TE layers showed high room-temperature ZT values of 0.65 and 0.81 for p-type and n-type, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07654-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T11:56:43Z","timestamp":1501502203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["High-Performance Screen-Printed Thermoelectric Films on Fabrics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sunmi","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Wook","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Su","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Schlossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Min","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soonshin","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renkun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"7654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bulman, G. et al. Superlattice-based thin-film thermoelectric modules with high cooling fluxes. Nat Commun \n                           7, doi:10.1038\/ncomms10302 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10302"},{"key":"7654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.65","volume":"4","author":"A Majumdar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Majumdar, A. Thermoelectric devices Helping chips to keep their cool. Nat Nanotechnol \n                           4, 214\u2013215 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"7654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, L. D. et al. Ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit in SnSe crystals. Nature \n                           508, 373-+, doi:10.1038\/nature13184 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13184"},{"key":"7654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08088","volume":"459","author":"JS Rhyee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rhyee, J. S. et al. Peierls distortion as a route to high thermoelectric performance in In4Se3-delta crystals. Nature \n                           459, 965\u2013968, doi:10.1038\/nature08088 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7654_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06381","volume":"451","author":"AI Hochbaum","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hochbaum, A. I. et al. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires. Nature \n                           451, 163\u2013168, doi:10.1038\/Nature06381 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7654_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06458","volume":"451","author":"AI Boukai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boukai, A. I. et al. Silicon nanowires as efficient thermoelectric materials. 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Nat Mater \n                           7, 105\u2013114, doi:10.1038\/nmat2090 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"7654_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3749","volume":"351","author":"LD Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao, L. D. et al. Ultrahigh power factor and thermoelectric performance in hole-doped single-crystal SnSe. Science \n                           351, 141\u2013144, doi:10.1126\/science.aad3749 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7654_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158899","volume":"321","author":"LEC Bell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bell, L. E. C. heating, generating power, and recovering waste heat with thermoelectric systems. 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Flexible n-type thermoelectric materials by organic intercalation of layered transition metal dichalcogenide TiS2. Nat Mater \n                           14, 622\u2013627, doi:10.1038\/Nmat4251 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"7654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3635","volume":"12","author":"GH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, G. H., Shao, L., Zhang, K. & Pipe, K. P. Engineered doping of organic semiconductors for enhanced thermoelectric efficiency. Nat Mater \n                           12, 719\u2013723, doi:10.1038\/Nmat3635 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"7654_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3012","volume":"10","author":"O Bubnova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bubnova, O. et al. Optimization of the thermoelectric figure of merit in the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). 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