{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:31:01Z","timestamp":1778135461395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we show the capability of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles formed on copper (Cu) electrodes by the electrolysis as a real time active substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We have experimentally found that using just the ultra pure water as the electrolyte and the Cu electrodes, ions are extracted from the copper anode form copper oxide nanoparticles on the anode surface in matter of minutes. Average particle size on the anode reaches to 100\u2009nm in ninety seconds and grows to about 300\u2009nm in five minutes. This anode is used in Raman experiments in real time as the nanoparticles were forming and the maximum enhancement factor (<jats:italic>EF<\/jats:italic>) of Raman signals were over five orders of magnitude. Other metal electrodes made of brass, zinc (Zn), silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) were also tried for the anode material for a possible real-time substrate for SERS applications. Experimentally obtained enhancement factors were above five orders of magnitude for brass electrodes like the copper but for the other metals no enhancement is observed. Electron microscope images show the cubic nanoparticle formation on copper and brass electrodes but none in the other metals studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08199-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T09:30:33Z","timestamp":1501839033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Real-Time and Tunable Substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles via Electrolysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Behzad","family":"Sardari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meri\u00e7","family":"\u00d6zcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"8199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs.2013.161","volume":"38","author":"B Sharma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma, B. et al. High-performance SERS substrates: Advances and challenges. MRS Bulletin \n                           38, 615\u2013624 (2013).","journal-title":"MRS Bulletin"},{"key":"8199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(74)85388-1","volume":"26","author":"M Fleischmann","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fleischmann, M., Hendra, P. J. & McQuillan, A. Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. Chemical Physics Letters \n                           26, 163\u2013166 (1974).","journal-title":"Chemical Physics Letters"},{"key":"8199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0728(77)80224-6","volume":"84","author":"DL Jeanmaire","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jeanmaire, D. L. & Van Duyne, R. P. SurfaceRaman spectroelectrochemistry: Part i. heterocyclic, aromatic, and aliphatic amines adsorbed on the anodized silver electrode. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry \n                           84, 1\u201320 (1977).","journal-title":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry"},{"key":"8199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5215","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00457a071","volume":"99","author":"MG Albrecht","year":"1977","unstructured":"Albrecht, M. G. & Creighton, J. A. Anomalously intense Raman spectra of pyridine at a silver electrode. Journal of the American Chemical Society \n                           99, 5215\u20135217 (1977).","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"8199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112814","volume":"1","author":"PL Stiles","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stiles, P. L., Dieringer, J. A., Shah, N. C. & Van Duyne, R. P. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry \n                           1, 601\u2013626 (2008).","journal-title":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"8199_CR6","first-page":"915","volume":"77","author":"K Kneipp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kneipp, K., Kneipp, H., Itzkan, I., Dasari, R. & Feld, M. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering: A new tool for biomedical spectroscopy. Current Science \n                           77, 915\u2013924 (1999).","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"8199_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2011.03.002","volume":"693","author":"M Fan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fan, M., Andrade, G. F. & Brolo, A. G. A review on the fabrication of substrates for surface enhanced raman spectroscopy and their applications in analytical chemistry. Analytica Chimica Acta \n                           693, 7\u201325 (2011).","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"8199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CP53560F","volume":"16","author":"JF Betz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Betz, J. F., Wei, W. Y., Cheng, Y., White, I. M. & Rubloff, G. W. Simple SERS substrates: powerful, portable, and full of potential. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics \n                           16, 2224\u20132239 (2014).","journal-title":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics"},{"key":"8199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, R. E. & Etchegoin, P. Principles of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: and related plasmonic effects (Elsevier, 2008).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52779-0.00005-2"},{"key":"8199_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.3390\/ma8063024","volume":"8","author":"AX Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, A. X. & Kong, X. Review of recent progress of plasmonic materials and nano-structures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Materials \n                           8, 3024\u20133052 (2015).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"8199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1021\/nl048689j","volume":"4","author":"Y Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, Y. & Xia, Y. Bottom-up and top-down approaches to the synthesis of monodispersed spherical colloids of low melting-point metals. Nano Letters \n                           4, 2047\u20132050 (2004).","journal-title":"Nano Letters"},{"key":"8199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8426","DOI":"10.1021\/nn203399z","volume":"5","author":"X Shen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shen, X. et al. Assembly of colloidal nanoparticles directed by the microstructures of polycrystalline ice. 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Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics \n                           42, 075417 (2009).","journal-title":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics"},{"key":"8199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.12.180","volume":"509","author":"B Toboonsung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Toboonsung, B. & Singjai, P. Formation of CuO nanorods and their bundles by an electrochemical dissolution and deposition process. Journal of Alloys and Compounds \n                           509, 4132\u20134137 (2011).","journal-title":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds"},{"key":"8199_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0657179","volume":"111","author":"DP Singh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Singh, D. P., Neti, N. R., Sinha, A. & Srivastava, O. N. Growth of different nanostructures of Cu2O (nanothreads, nanowires, and nanocubes) by simple electrolysis based oxidation of copper. 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Journal of Raman Spectroscopy \n                           36, 485\u2013496 (2005).","journal-title":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08199-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08199-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08199-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T08:17:52Z","timestamp":1671783472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08199-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-08199-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"7730"}}