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Nevertheless, bioavailability and cellular toxicity pathways of inorganic (IHg) and methyl-Hg (MeHg) remain poorly understood. We analyzed the uptake, transcriptomic, and physiological responses in the microalga <jats:italic>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/jats:italic> exposed to IHg or MeHg. Bioavailability of MeHg was up to 27\u00d7 higher than for IHg. Genes involved in cell processes, energy metabolism and transport were dysregulated by both Hg species. Physiological analysis revealed an impact on photosynthesis and reduction\u2013oxidation reaction metabolism. Nevertheless, MeHg dysregulated a larger number of genes and with a stronger fold-change than IHg at equivalent intracellular concentration. Analysis of the perturbations of the cell\u2019s functions helped to derive a detailed mechanistic understanding of differences in cellular handling of IHg and MeHg resulting in MeHg having a stronger impact. This knowledge is central for the prediction of impact of toxicants on organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08515-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T09:03:50Z","timestamp":1502183030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Cellular toxicity pathways of inorganic and methyl mercury in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Beauvais-Fl\u00fcck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera I.","family":"Slaveykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8570-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Cosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"8515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16165","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.165","volume":"1","author":"EM Sunderland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sunderland, E. 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