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F concentration in mature tea leaves is several hundred times higher than that in normal field crops. Long-term consumption of teas with high level F will increase the risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis. The mechanism of F accumulation in tea stands unclear. RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) techniques were used to investigate the effect of F on the differential expressions of transcriptome in tea plant. The results showed that F content in mature tea leaves was increased with increase in F concentration of cultural solution and duration of F treatment time. Based on comparison with data of GO, COG, KEGG and Nr databases, 144 differentially expressed unigenes with definite annotation were identified. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the effect of F on expression of 5 unigenes screened from the 144 unigenes. F treatment induced the expression of defense genes such as receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and U-box domain-containing protein. Based on the present study, F uptake is considered to be related to calcium-transporting ATPase, especially autoinhibited Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ATPase (ACAs) which was activated by the RLKs and worked as a carrier in uptake of F by tea plant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08587-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T13:16:51Z","timestamp":1503494211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effect of fluoride treatment on gene expression in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Qing-Sheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru-Ying","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Qiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue-Rong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"8587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4472","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0308354","volume":"52","author":"Y Lu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Guo, W. 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All the authors read the final version of the manuscript and the authors declare no conflict of interest in the paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"9847"}}