{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:51:09Z","timestamp":1775523069292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed cancer risks in patients with urinary tract stones but some features of the generated results alarmed us about possible surveillance bias, which we describe in this report. We used nationwide Swedish hospital records to identify patients with urinary tract stones (N\u2009=\u2009211,718) and cancer registration data for cancer patients for years 1987 to 2012. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for cancer were calculated after the last medical contact for urinary tract stones. All cancers were increased after kidney (SIR 1.54, 95%CI: 1.50\u20131.58), ureter (1.44, 1.42\u20131.47), mixed (1.51, 1.44\u20131.58) and bladder stones (1.63, 1.57\u20131.70). The risk of kidney cancer was increased most of all cancers after kidney, ureter and mixed stones while bladder cancer was increased most after bladder stones. All SIRs decreased steeply in the course of follow-up time. Tumour sizes were smaller in kidney cancer and <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> colon cancers were more common in patients diagnosed after urinary tract stones compared to all patients. The results suggest that surveillance bias influenced the result which somewhat surprisingly appeared to extend past 10 years of follow-up and include cancers at distant anatomical sites. Surveillance bias may be difficult to avoid in the present type of observational studies in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08839-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T14:20:40Z","timestamp":1502202040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Surveillance Bias in Cancer Risk After Unrelated Medical Conditions: Example Urolithiasis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kari","family":"Hemminki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Hemminki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asta","family":"F\u00f6rsti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"8839_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199902000-00013","volume":"22","author":"SL Craig","year":"1999","unstructured":"Craig, S. L. & Feinstein, A. R. Antecedent therapy versus detection bias as causes of neoplastic multimorbidity. Am J Clin Oncol \n                           22, 51\u201356 (1999).","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"8839_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.822","volume":"305","author":"ER Haut","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haut, E. R. & Pronovost, P. J. Surveillance bias in outcomes reporting. Jama \n                           305, 2462\u20132463 (2011).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"8839_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7773","volume":"350","author":"JL Carter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carter, J. L., Coletti, R. J. & Harris, R. P. Quantifying and monitoring overdiagnosis in cancer screening: a systematic review of methods. 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Cancer incidence in Sweden 2012. The National Board of Health and Welfare (2013)."},{"key":"8839_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq099","volume":"102","author":"HG Welch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Welch, H. G. & Black, W. C. Overdiagnosis in Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst \n                           102, 605\u2013613 (2010).","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"8839_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04208.x","volume":"91","author":"HG Tiselius","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tiselius, H. G. Epidemiology and medical management of stone disease. BJU Int \n                           91, 758\u2013767 (2003).","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"8839_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i52","volume":"352","author":"MS Morgan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morgan, M. S. & Pearle, M. S. Medical management of renal stones. Bmj \n                           352, i52 (2016).","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"8839_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-117","volume":"13","author":"SD Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung, S. D., Tsai, M. C., Lin, C. C. & Lin, H. C. A case-control study on the association between bladder cancer and prior bladder calculus. BMC Cancer \n                           13, 117 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"8839_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000342","volume":"93","author":"CJ Shih","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shih, C. J. et al. Urinary calculi and risk of cancer: a nationwide population-based study. Medicine \n                           93, e342 (2014).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"8839_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu195","volume":"108","author":"W Cheungpasitporn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheungpasitporn, W. et al. The risk of kidney cancer in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. QJM: monthly journal of the Association of Physicians \n                           108, 205\u2013212 (2015).","journal-title":"QJM: monthly journal of the Association of Physicians"},{"key":"8839_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan, D. & Weinberg, R. A. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell \n                           144, 646\u2013674 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8839_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken130","volume":"47","author":"K Hemminki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hemminki, K., Li, X., Sundquist, K. & Sundquist, J. Cancer risk in hospitalized rheumatoid arthritis patients. 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Diabetologia \n                           55, 1619\u20131632 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08839-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08839-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08839-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T08:36:53Z","timestamp":1671784613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-08839-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-08839-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"8073"}}