{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:53:19Z","timestamp":1783338799062,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity is essential for redox equilibrium of red blood cells (RBCs) and, when compromised, the RBCs are more susceptible to haemolysis. 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine and tafenoquine) are used for the radical curative treatment of <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> malaria and can cause haemolysis in G6PD deficient subjects. Haemolytic risk is dependent on treatment dose and patient G6PD status but ultimately it correlates with the number of G6PD deficient RBCs. The G6PD spectrophotometric assay reliably identifies deficient subjects but is less reliable in heterozygous females, especially when other blood conditions are present. In this work we analysed samples with a range of G6PD phenotypes and haematologic conditions from 243 healthy volunteers of Asian or African-American heritage using both the spectrophotomeric assay and the G6PD flow-cytometric assay. Overall 18.5% of subjects (29.3% of Asian females) presented with anaemia, associated with decreased RBCs volume (MCV) and reticulocytosis; the flow-cytometric assay showed good correlation with the spectrophotometric assay (Pearson\u2019s r 0.918\u20130.957) and was less influenced by haemoglobin concentration, number of RBCs and number of reticulocytes. This resulted in more precise quantification of the number of G6PD deficient RBCs and presumably higher predictive power of drug induced haemolytic risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10045-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T11:02:05Z","timestamp":1503486125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The G6PD flow-cytometric assay is a reliable tool for diagnosis of G6PD deficiency in women and anaemic subjects"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-0431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germana","family":"Bancone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kalnoky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-8214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy S.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nongnud","family":"Chowwiwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9658-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"Malleret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornpimon","family":"Wilaisrisak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"R\u00e9nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo J.","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7951-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francois","family":"Nosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10045_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cappellini, M. D. & Fiorelli G. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet. \n                           371(9606) 64\u201374 doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60073-2. Review 5 Jan 2008.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60073-2"},{"key":"10045_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chu, G. S. et al. Haemolysis in G6PD Heterozygous Females Treated with Primaquine for Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Nested Cohort in a Trial of Radical Curative Regimens. PLoS Med. \n                           14(2): e1002224. doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002224. eCollection 7 Feb 2017.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002224"},{"key":"10045_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1977.tb00589.x","volume":"35","author":"E Beutler","year":"1977","unstructured":"Beutler, E. et al. International Committee for Standardization in Haematology: recommended methods for red-cell enzyme analysis. 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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: cytochemical detection of heterozygous G6PD deficiency in women. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry: official journal of the Histochemistry Society \n                           57, 1003\u20131011, doi:10.1369\/jhc.2009.953828 (2009).","journal-title":"The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry: official journal of the Histochemistry Society"},{"key":"10045_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0194","volume":"91","author":"N LaRue","year":"2014","unstructured":"LaRue, N. et al. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative tests for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene \n                           91, 854\u2013861, doi:10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0194 (2014).","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"10045_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00299","volume":"2","author":"SS Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah, S. S. et al. A novel cytofluorometric assay for the detection and quantification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Scientific reports \n                           2, 299, doi:10.1038\/srep00299 (2012).","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"10045_CR10","first-page":"359","volume":"17","author":"JC Gall","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gall, J. C., Brewer, G. J. & Dern, R. J. Studies of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity of Individual Erythrocytes: The Methemoglobin-Elution Test for Identification of Females Heterozygous for G6PD Deficiency. 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British journal of haematology \n                           10, 171\u2013180 (1964).","journal-title":"British journal of haematology"},{"key":"10045_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1974.tb20594.x","volume":"232","author":"UE Carcassi","year":"1974","unstructured":"Carcassi, U. E. The interaction between beta-thalassemia, G-6-PD deficiency, and favism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences \n                           232, 297\u2013305 (1974).","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10045_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1969.tb00435.x","volume":"16","author":"S Piomelli","year":"1969","unstructured":"Piomelli, S. & Siniscalco, M. The haematological effects of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and thalassaemia trait: interaction between the two genes at the phenotype level. 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Biochemia medica \n                           25, 141\u2013151, doi:10.11613\/BM.2015.015 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochemia medica"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10045-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10045-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10045-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T09:49:21Z","timestamp":1671788961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10045-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-10045-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"9822"}}