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We hypothesized that soil P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> would initially increase with paddy management and then would persist under steady-state conditions. We analyzed soils from a 2000-year chronosequence of a rice-wheat rotation and an adjacent non-paddy 700-year chronosequence in Bay of Hangzhou (China) for their P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> composition using solution <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P-NMR after NaOH-EDTA extraction. Land reclamation promoted P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> accumulation in both paddy and non-paddy topsoils (depths\u2009\u2264\u200918\u2009cm) until steady-state equilibria were reached within 200 years of land use. Greater P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> concentrations were found, however, in the non-paddy subsoils than in those under paddy management. Apparently, the formation of a dense paddy plough pan hindered long-term P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> accumulation in the paddy subsoil. The surface soils showed higher proportions of orthophosphate diesters under paddy than under non-paddy management, likely reflecting suppressed decomposition of crop residues despite elevated microbial P compounds stocks under anaerobic paddy-rice management. Intriguingly, the composition of P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was remarkably stable after 194-years of paddy management and 144-years of non-paddy management, suggesting novel steady-state equilibria of P dynamics had been reached in these man-made ecosystems after less than two centuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10071-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T10:23:48Z","timestamp":1504261428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Soil organic phosphorus transformations during 2000 years of paddy-rice and non-paddy management in the Yangtze River Delta, China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1088-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wulf","family":"Amelung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4391-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Cade-Menun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Bol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Willbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Klumpp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2007.00933.x","volume":"58","author":"RW McDowell","year":"2007","unstructured":"McDowell, R. 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