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CMV DNAemia was detected by PCR in DNA from controls (n\u2009=\u2009120), and HCV patients with early (F0-F1, n\u2009=\u2009131) and late (F2-F4, n\u2009=\u2009179) liver fibrosis. By quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), we examined the profile of 8 JAK-STAT transcripts in PBMCs RNA from 90 HCV patients (39 CMV positive and 51 CMV negative), 4 CMV mono-infected patients, and 15 controls. Our results demonstrated higher incidence of CMV in F2-F4 group than in control (OR 5.479, 95% CI 3.033\u20139.895, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) or F0-F1 groups (OR 2, 95% CI 1.238\u20133.181, p\u2009=\u20090.005). qRT-PCR showed downregulation of STAT2 (p\u2009=\u20090.006) and IRF7 (p\u2009=\u20090.02) in CMV positive group compared to CMV negative one. The downregulation of STAT2 and IRF7 was mainly in CMV positive patients with late fibrosis compared to CMV negative patients (p\u2009=\u20090.0007 for IRF7 and p\u2009=\u20090.01 for STAT2). Our results are the first to report that CMV coinfection is a possible risk factor for the progression of HCV-induced liver fibrosis, and thereby CMV screening and treatment are important for HCV patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10604-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T13:30:21Z","timestamp":1504013421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Increased incidence of cytomegalovirus coinfection in HCV-infected patients with late liver fibrosis is associated with dysregulation of JAK-STAT pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Marwa K.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noha G.","family":"Bader El Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Khairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa K.","family":"El Awady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25582","volume":"55","author":"J Fischer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischer, J. et al. 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