{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T22:50:42Z","timestamp":1776466242359,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Mucor irregularis<\/jats:italic> is an emerging fungal pathogen that cause cutaneous infection and could cause death. However, little is known about its mechanism of pathogenesis. There is evidence suggesting virulence vary with mating types in fungi, including the Mucorales. Here, we characterized the mating type locus of <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>irregularis<\/jats:italic> and the mating type ratio of 17 clinical isolates in China. Genomic data indicated <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>irregularis<\/jats:italic> is heterothallic having two mating types \u2013 bearing either <jats:italic>SexP<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>SexM<\/jats:italic> allele. Also, we employed a mice model to study the inflammation and pathological effects of different mating types. The comparison of the inflammatory response, cytokine profiles and Th-1, Th-2 and Th-17 cells numbers in each mating type treated mice showed that the severity and disease progress were enhanced in (+) mating type treated mice. One (+\/0) mutant strain, with multiple mutations at the mating locus, had defects in sexual mating ability but appeared to be more virulent than the (\u2212) mating type. Although (+) mating type appeared to be more virulent, most of our clinical isolates presented belonged to (\u2212) mating type. Our findings support the involvement of <jats:italic>MAT<\/jats:italic> genes in sexual fertility, and the influence of mating type on the severity of cutaneous infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10954-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T09:52:30Z","timestamp":1504173150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The influence of the mating type on virulence of Mucor irregularis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanzhao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongnian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guixia","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5129-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clement K. 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Mycosystema \n                           4, 45\u201357 (1991).","journal-title":"Mycosystema"},{"key":"10954_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-009-9219-3","volume":"168","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Rhizomucor variabilis in an immunocompetent patient. Mycopathologia. \n                           168, 243\u20137 (2009).","journal-title":"Mycopathologia."},{"issue":"49(3)","key":"10954_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1086\/600817","volume":"1","author":"XL Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu, X. L. et al. Primary cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Rhizomucor variabilis: a new endemic zygomycosis? A case report and review of 6 cases reported from China. Clin Infect Dis. \n                           1(49(3)), e39\u201343 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10954_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-012-9559-2","volume":"174","author":"DM Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, D. M. & Lun, L. D. Mucor irregularis infection and lethal midline granuloma: a case report and review of published literature. Mycopathologia. \n                           174, 429\u201339 (2012).","journal-title":"Mycopathologia."},{"key":"10954_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12642","volume":"40","author":"XJ Xia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xia, X. J., Shen, H. & Liu, Z. H. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis. Clin Exp Dermatol. \n                           40, 875\u20138 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol."},{"key":"10954_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02326-10","volume":"49","author":"BM Hemashettar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hemashettar, B. M. et al. Chronic rhinofacial mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (Rhizomucor variabilis) in India. J. Clin Microbiol. \n                           49, 2372\u20135 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"10954_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.115662","volume":"31","author":"AB Patil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patil, A. B. et al. Rhizomucor variabilis: a rare causative agent of primary cutaneous zygomycosis. Indian J Med Microbiol. \n                           31, 302\u20135 (2013).","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"10954_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2010.03956.x","volume":"36","author":"H Tomita","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tomita, H. et al. Rhizomucor variabilis infection in human cutaneous mucormycosis. Clin Exp Dermatol. \n                           36, 312\u20134 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol."},{"key":"10954_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12736","volume":"42","author":"S Yamaguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, S. et al. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis in an elderly person. J. Dermatol. \n                           42, 210\u20134 (2015).","journal-title":"J. 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