{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:53:01Z","timestamp":1789591981212,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>ToF-SIMS has been increasingly widely used in recent years to look at biological matrices, in particular for biomedical research, although there is still a lot of development needed to maximise the value of this technique in the life sciences. The main issue for biological matrices is the complexity of the mass spectra and therefore the difficulty to specifically and precisely detect analytes in the biological sample. Here we evaluated the use of ToF-SIMS in the agrochemical field, which remains a largely unexplored area for this technique. We profiled a large number of biocidal active ingredients (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides); we then selected fludioxonil, a halogenated fungicide, as a model compound for more detailed study, including the effect of co-occurring biomolecules on detection limits. There was a wide range of sensitivity of the ToF-SIMS for the different active ingredient compounds, but fludioxonil was readily detected in real-world samples (wheat seeds coated with a commercial formulation). Fludioxonil did not penetrate the seed to any great depth, but was largely restricted to a layer coating the seed surface. ToF-SIMS has clear potential as a tool for not only detecting biocides in biological samples, but also mapping their distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11412-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T15:03:39Z","timestamp":1504191819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis and imaging of biocidal agrochemicals using ToF-SIMS"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3461-8891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Converso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Fearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ecaterina","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"McPhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Flemming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob G.","family":"Bundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"11412_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J C Vickerman, I. S. G. Surface Analysis \u2013 The Principal Techniques, 2nd Edition. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2009).","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470721582"},{"key":"11412_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8865","DOI":"10.1021\/ac8013687","volume":"80","author":"AV Walker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walker, A. V. Why Is SIMS Underused in Chemical and Biological Analysis? Challenges and Opportunities. Anal. Chem. \n                           80, 8865\u20138870 (2008).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"11412_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.5576","volume":"46","author":"F Draude","year":"2014","unstructured":"Draude, F. et al. ToF-SIMS imaging of plasma membrane lipids with sub-micrometer resolution. Surf Interface Anal \n                           46, 127\u2013130 (2014).","journal-title":"Surf Interface Anal"},{"key":"11412_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.5547","volume":"46","author":"NTN Phan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phan, N. T. N., Fletcher, J. S., Sjovall, P. & Ewing, A. G. ToF-SIMS imaging of lipids and lipid related compounds in Drosophila brain. Surf Interface Anal \n                           46, 123\u2013126 (2014).","journal-title":"Surf Interface Anal"},{"key":"11412_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927614012161","volume":"20","author":"E Niehuis","year":"2014","unstructured":"E Niehuis, E. A. & In-Situ TOF-SIMS and SFM Measurements Providing True 3D Chemical Characterization of Inorganic and Organic Nanostructures. Microsc. Microanal. \n                           20, 2086\u20132087 (2014).","journal-title":"Microsc. 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Application of secondary ion mass spectrometry to biomaterials, proteins and cells: a concise review. Materials Science and Technology \n                           31, 131\u2013136 (2014).","journal-title":"Materials Science and Technology"},{"key":"11412_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"018901","DOI":"10.1116\/1.4901511","volume":"10","author":"C Bich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bich, C., Touboul, D. & Brunelle, A. Biomedical studies by TOF-SIMS imaging. Biointerphases \n                           10, 018901\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"Biointerphases"},{"key":"11412_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060054c","volume":"78","author":"KS Kulp","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kulp, K. S. et al. Chemical and Biological Differentiation of Three Human Breast Cancer Cell Types Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. 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Dev."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11412-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11412-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11412-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T10:37:19Z","timestamp":1671791839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11412-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-11412-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A.J.F. is an employee of Syngenta, who manufacture some of the compounds used in this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"10728"}}