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Antifungal agents naftifine (10\u2009mg\/mL, active substance in Exoderil) and bifonazole (10\u2009mg\/mL, active substance in Canespor) were tested in different concentrations to assess\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    effects on fungal growth and carotenoid synthesis. The antifungal mechanisms of action of naftifine and bifonazole against\n                    <jats:italic>R. mucilaginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were similar and affected the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol. For the first time, this research demonstrates that naftifine affects the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, producing depigmentation of\n                    <jats:italic>R. mucilaginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    in solid and liquid media. Furthermore, depigmentation was a reversible process; naftifine-treated yeast cells that were depigmented resumed carotenoid production upon transfer to fresh media. Raman and UV-vis spectrophotometry in conjunction with chromatographic analysis detected changes in carotenoids in yeast cells, with torulene decreasing and B-carotene increasing after repigmentation. Transmission electron micrographs revealed critical ultrastructural modifications in the depigmented cells after naftifine treatment, i.e., a low-electron-density cell wall without visible mucilage or lamellate structure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11600-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T07:31:05Z","timestamp":1504596665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Reversible naftifine-induced carotenoid depigmentation in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. J\u00f6rg.) F.C. Harrison causing onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Augustin C.","family":"Mo\u021b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"P\u00e2rvu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina E.","family":"P\u00e2rvu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8663-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Ro\u015fca-Casian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0435-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoleta E.","family":"Dina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolae","family":"Leopold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3038-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Silaghi-Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mircea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"11600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faergemann, J. & Baran, R. 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