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This study aimed to investigate an ACR threshold for predicting DR in patients with type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,102 type 2 diabetes patients, aged \u226530 years and recruited from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010\u20132011. Participants were grouped by stage of DR: mild-to-moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR), severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). An early morning spot urine sample was obtained for ACR measurement. ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value of ACR for predicting DR was 2.26\u2009mg\/mmol (20\u2009\u03bcg\/mg). The prevalence of ACR\u2009\u2265\u20092.26\u2009mg\/mmol tended to increase with severity of DR. The risk for DR in patients with ACR\u2009\u2265\u20092.26\u2009mg\/mmol was higher than in those with ACR\u2009&lt;\u20092.26\u2009mg\/mmol. The risk for severe NPDR and PDR also increased at ACR\u2009\u2265\u20092.26\u2009mg\/mmol. Normal-to-mildly increased albuminuria (an ACR of 2.26\u2009mg\/mmol) may predict the risk for DR development and progression in patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11906-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T09:13:56Z","timestamp":1505207636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Normal-to-mildly increased albuminuria predicts the risk for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Min-Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Do","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo-Young","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oak-Kee","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee-Sun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mee-Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Hyun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Ho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuk-Sang","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"11906_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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