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Epithelial cells from biopsies of human parotid gland (HPG) were used to establish a model of human salivary gland<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In this model, the functional consequences of several proinflammatory soluble factors present in the pSS glandular microenvironment were assessed. Stimulation with isoproterenol and calcium produced a significant increase in the basal activity of amylase in the HPG cell supernatants. Under these conditions, the presence of TNF-\u03b1 and CXCL12 increased amylase mRNA cellular abundance, but reduced the amylase activity in the cell-free supernatant in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1\u03b2 and IFN-\u03b3, but not TGF-\u03b2, also diminished amylase secretion by HPG cells. These results suggest that the glandular microenvironment of cytokine, by acting post-transcriptionally, may be responsible, at least in part, for the reduced exocrine function observed in pSS patients. These data may help to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SS, which in turn would facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets for this disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12282-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T13:36:06Z","timestamp":1505309766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Functional effects of proinflammatory factors present in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome salivary microenvironment in an in vitro model of human salivary gland"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mayte","family":"Arce-Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Dominguez-Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina K.","family":"Pec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Alvarez de la Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4096-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Giraldez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Verdugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 David","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"D\u00edaz-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"12282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66990-5","volume":"366","author":"RI Fox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fox, R. 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