{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:11:41Z","timestamp":1776093101140,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) by repeated brief cycles of limb ischemia\/reperfusion may reduce myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury and improve patients\u2018 prognosis after elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 activation in left ventricular myocardium is associated with RIPC\u00b4s cardioprotection. Cytokines and growth hormones typically activate STATs and could therefore act as humoral transfer factors of RIPC\u00b4s cardioprotection. We here determined arterial plasma concentrations of 25 different cytokines, growth hormones, and other factors which have previously been associated with cardioprotection, before (baseline)\/after RIPC or placebo (n\u2009=\u200923\/23), respectively, and before\/after ischemic cardioplegic arrest in CABG patients. RIPC-induced protection was reflected by a 35% reduction of serum troponin I release. With the exception of interleukin-1\u03b1, none of the humoral factors changed in their concentrations after RIPC or placebo, respectively. Interleukin-1\u03b1, when normalized to baseline, increased after RIPC (280\u2009\u00b1\u200956%) but not with placebo (97\u2009\u00b1\u200915%). The interleukin-1\u03b1 concentration remained increased until after ischemic cardioplegic arrest and was also higher than with placebo in absolute concentrations (25\u2009\u00b1\u20096 versus 16\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009pg\/mL). Only interleukin-1\u03b1 possibly fulfills the criteria which would be expected from a substance to be released in response to RIPC and to protect the myocardium during ischemic cardioplegic arrest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12833-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]],"date-time":"2017-09-28T21:08:25Z","timestamp":1506632905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Potential humoral mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nilg\u00fcn","family":"Gedik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Thielmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich H.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Heusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kleinbongard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"12833_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.000184","volume":"6","author":"WR Davies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davies, W. R. et al. Remote ischemic preconditioning improves outcome at 6 years after elective percutaneous coronary intervention: The CRISP stent trial long-term follow-up. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. \n                           6, 246\u2013251 (2013).","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv."},{"key":"12833_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61296-3","volume":"370","author":"DJ Hausenloy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hausenloy, D. J. et al. Effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on myocardial injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. \n                           370, 575\u2013579 (2007).","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"12833_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61450-6","volume":"382","author":"M Thielmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thielmann, M. et al. Cardioprotective and prognostic effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: a single-centre randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. \n                           382, 597\u2013604 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"12833_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306178","volume":"10","author":"L Candilio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Candilio, L. et al. Effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Heart. \n                           10, 185\u2013192 (2015).","journal-title":"Heart."},{"key":"12833_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2016.70.373-378","volume":"70","author":"SM Nouraei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nouraei, S. M., Baradari, A. G. & Jazayeri, A. Does remote ischaemic preconditioning protect kidney and cardiomyocytes after coronary revascularization? A double blind controlled clinical trial. Med Arch. \n                           70, 373\u2013378 (2016).","journal-title":"Med Arch."},{"key":"12833_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62001-8","volume":"375","author":"HE B\u00f8tker","year":"2010","unstructured":"B\u00f8tker, H. E. et al. Remote ischaemic conditioning before hospital admission, as a complement to angioplasty, and effect on myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomised trial. Lancet. \n                           375, 727\u2013734 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"12833_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv463","volume":"36","author":"I Eitel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eitel, I. et al. Cardioprotection by combined intrahospital remote ischaemic perconditioning and postconditioning in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the randomized LIPSIA CONDITIONING trial. Eur Heart J. \n                           36, 3049\u20133057 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"12833_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.05.015","volume":"8","author":"SK White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White, S. K. et al. Remote ischemic conditioning reduces myocardial infarct size and edema in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol Cardiovasc Interv. \n                           8, 178\u2013188 (2015).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Cardiovasc Interv."},{"key":"12833_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.082","volume":"65","author":"DM Yellon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yellon, D. M. et al. Remote ischemic conditioning reduces myocardial infarct size in STEMI patients treated by thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. \n                           65, 2764\u20132765 (2015).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"12833_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1080\/AC.71.5.3167504","volume":"71","author":"Z Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Zhao, L., Hong, D. & Gao, J. Remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces myocardial ischaemic reperfusion injury in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Cardiol. \n                           71, 596\u2013603 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol."},{"key":"12833_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht369","volume":"35","author":"AD Sloth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sloth, A. D. et al. Improved long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing remote ischaemic conditioning as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J. \n                           35, 168\u2013175 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"12833_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1413534","volume":"373","author":"DJ Hausenloy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hausenloy, D. J. et al. Remote ischemic preconditioning and outcomes of cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. \n                           373, 1408\u20131417 (2015).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"12833_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1413579","volume":"373","author":"P Meybohm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meybohm, P. et al. A multicenter trial of remote ischemic preconditioning for heart surgery. 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