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Recent research has suggested that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied during training of a simple response-selection paradigm can broaden performance benefits to an untrained task. Here we assessed the impact of combined tDCS and training on multitasking, stimulus-response mapping specificity, response-inhibition, and spatial attention performance in a cohort of healthy adults. Participants trained over four days with concurrent tDCS \u2013 anodal, cathodal, or sham \u2013 applied to the left prefrontal cortex. Immediately prior to, 1\u2009day after, and 2 weeks after training, performance was assessed on the trained multitasking paradigm, an untrained multitasking paradigm, a go\/no-go inhibition task, and a visual search task. Training combined with anodal tDCS, compared with training plus cathodal or sham stimulation, enhanced performance for the untrained multitasking paradigm and visual search tasks. By contrast, there were no training benefits for the go\/no-go task. Our findings demonstrate that anodal tDCS combined with multitasking training can extend to untrained multitasking paradigms as well as spatial attention, but with no extension to the domain of response inhibition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13075-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T12:50:33Z","timestamp":1507207833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Anodal tDCS applied during multitasking training leads to transferable performance gains"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Filmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason B.","family":"Mattingley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Dux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"13075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09042","volume":"465","author":"AM Owen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Owen, A. 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Trends in neurosciences \n                           37, 742\u2013753 (2014).","journal-title":"Trends in neurosciences"},{"key":"13075_CR6","unstructured":"Cave, H. Zapping your brain enhances your love of classic art. New Scientist, http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn24500-zapping-your-brain-enhances-your-love-of-classic-art (2013)."},{"key":"13075_CR7","unstructured":"Hurley, D. Jumper cables for the mind. The New York Times, http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/03\/magazine\/jumper-cables-for-the-mind.html?pagewanted=all (2013)."},{"key":"13075_CR8","unstructured":"Chambers, C. Neuro-enhancement in the military: far-fetched or an inevitable future? The Guardian, http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/head-quarters\/2013\/oct\/07\/neuroscience-psychology (2013)."},{"key":"13075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.009","volume":"49","author":"CJ Stagg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stagg, C. J. et al. 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Dynamic coding for cognitive control in prefrontal cortex. Neuron \n                           78, 364\u2013375 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"13075_CR38","volume":"10","author":"HH Jasper","year":"1958","unstructured":"Jasper, H. H. The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol \n                           10, 5 (1958).","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"13075_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.038","volume":"74","author":"HL Filmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Filmer, H. L., Dux, P. E. & Mattingley, J. B. Dissociable effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS reveal distinct functional roles for right parietal cortex in the detection of single and competing stimuli. 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Atten Percept Psychophys, 1\u201313 (2016).","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-016-1158-8"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-13075-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-13075-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-13075-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T11:57:46Z","timestamp":1671796666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-13075-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-13075-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"12988"}}