{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T07:19:10Z","timestamp":1793949550984,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Psilocybin with psychological support is showing promise as a treatment model in psychiatry but its therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after treatment with psilocybin (serotonin agonist) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Quality pre and post treatment fMRI data were collected from 16 of 19 patients. Decreased depressive symptoms were observed in all 19 patients at 1-week post-treatment and 47% met criteria for response at 5 weeks. Whole-brain analyses revealed post-treatment decreases in CBF in the temporal cortex, including the amygdala. Decreased amygdala CBF correlated with reduced depressive symptoms. Focusing on a priori selected circuitry for RSFC analyses, increased RSFC was observed\n                    <jats:italic>within<\/jats:italic>\n                    the default-mode network (DMN) post-treatment. Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex-bilateral inferior lateral parietal cortex RSFC was predictive of treatment response at 5-weeks, as was decreased parahippocampal-prefrontal cortex RSFC. These data fill an important knowledge gap regarding the post-treatment brain effects of psilocybin, and are the first in depressed patients. The post-treatment brain changes are different to previously observed acute effects of psilocybin and other \u2018psychedelics\u2019 yet were related to clinical outcomes. A \u2018reset\u2019 therapeutic mechanism is proposed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13282-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T11:27:28Z","timestamp":1507548448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":508,"title":["Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Robin L","family":"Carhart-Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leor","family":"Roseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bolstridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lysia","family":"Demetriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Nienke","family":"Pannekoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew B","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mendel","family":"Kaelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"McGonigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Leech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Valerie","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Nutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"13282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris, R. L. & Goodwin, G. M. The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present and Future. Neuropsychopharmacology, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2017.84 (2017).","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.84"},{"key":"13282_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts, R. D., Krzanowski, C, Nutt, J. D. & Carhart-Harris, R, L. Patients\u2019 accounts of increased \u2018connection\u2019 and \u2018acceptance\u2019 after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2017).","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817709585"},{"key":"13282_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116","volume":"68","author":"CS Grob","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grob, C. S. et al. Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry \n                           68, 71\u201378, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116 (2011).","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"13282_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513","volume":"30","author":"RR Griffiths","year":"2016","unstructured":"Griffiths, R. R. et al. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Journal of psychopharmacology \n                           30, 1181\u20131197, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881116675513 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of psychopharmacology"},{"key":"13282_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512","volume":"30","author":"S Ross","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ross, S. et al. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of psychopharmacology \n                           30, 1165\u20131180, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881116675512 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of psychopharmacology"},{"key":"13282_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144","volume":"29","author":"MP Bogenschutz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bogenschutz, M. P. et al. Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study. Journal of psychopharmacology \n                           29, 289\u2013299, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881114565144 (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of psychopharmacology"},{"key":"13282_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114548296","volume":"28","author":"MW Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P. & Griffiths, R. R. Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Journal of psychopharmacology \n                           28, 983\u2013992, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881114548296 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of psychopharmacology"},{"key":"13282_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n1110","volume":"67","author":"FA Moreno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moreno, F. A., Wiegand, C. B., Taitano, E. K. & Delgado, P. L. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of psilocybin in 9 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry \n                           67, 1735\u20131740 (2006).","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry"},{"key":"13282_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris, R. L. et al. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. 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Rev Bras Psiquiatr \n                           37, 13\u201320, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-4446-2014-1496 (2015).","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"13282_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518377113","volume":"113","author":"RL Carhart-Harris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris, R. L. et al. Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \n                           113, 4853\u20134858, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1518377113 (2016).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"13282_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1119598109","volume":"109","author":"RL Carhart-Harris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris, R. L. et al. Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \n                           109, 2138\u20132143, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1119598109 (2012).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"13282_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.013","volume":"64","author":"P Celada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Celada, P., Puig, M. V., Diaz-Mataix, L. & Artigas, F. The hallucinogenDOI reduces low-frequency oscillations in rat prefrontal cortex: reversal by antipsychotic drugs. 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