{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T21:48:41Z","timestamp":1794001721409,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia are known to occur after nearly 50% of all thyroid surgeries as a result of accidental disruption of blood supply to healthy parathyroid glands, which are responsible for regulating calcium. However, there are currently no clinical methods for accurately identifying compromised glands and the surgeon relies on visual assessment alone to determine if any gland(s) should be excised and auto-transplanted. Here, we present Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) for real-time assessment of parathyroid viability. Taking an experienced surgeon\u2019s visual assessment as the gold standard, LSCI can be used to distinguish between well vascularized (n\u2009=\u200932) and compromised (n\u2009=\u200927) parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery with an accuracy of 91.5%. Ability to detect vascular compromise with LSCI was validated in parathyroidectomies. Results showed that this technique is able to detect parathyroid gland devascularization before it is visually apparent to the surgeon. Measurements can be performed in real-time and without the need to turn off operating room lights. LSCI shows promise as a real-time, contrast-free, objective method for helping reduce hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14941-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T09:27:24Z","timestamp":1509010044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Intraoperative Assessment of Parathyroid Viability using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"E. A.","family":"Mannoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. C.","family":"Sol\u00f3rzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mahadevan-Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"14941_CR1","unstructured":"American Thyroid Association. General Information\/Press Room. At http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/media-main\/about-hypothyroidism\/ (2017)."},{"key":"14941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0218","volume":"23","author":"GH Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun, G. H., DeMonner, S. & Davis, M. M. Epidemiological and Economic Trends in Inpatient and Outpatient Thyroidectomy in the United States, 1996\u20132006. Thyroid \n                           23, 727\u2013733 (2013).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"14941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.05.030","volume":"205","author":"MA Rafferty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rafferty, M. A. et al. Completion Thyroidectomy Versus Total Thyroidectomy: Is There a Difference in Complication Rates? An Analysis of 350 Patients. J. Am. Coll. Surg. \n                           205, 602\u2013607 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"14941_CR4","first-page":"327","volume":"165","author":"AE Schwartz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schwartz, A. E. & Friedman, E. W. Preservation of the parathyroid glands in total thyroidectomy. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. \n                           165, 327\u201332 (1987).","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"14941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.04.059","volume":"197","author":"K Ritter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritter, K., Elfenbein, D., Schneider, D. F., Chen, H. & Sippel, R. S. Hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: incidence and resolution. J. Surg. Res. \n                           197, 348\u201353 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"14941_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420070118021","volume":"127","author":"N Demeester-Mirkine","year":"1992","unstructured":"Demeester-Mirkine, N., Hooghe, L., Van Geertruyden, J. & De Maertelaer, V. Hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. Arch. Surg. \n                           127, 854\u20138 (1992).","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"14941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900459","volume":"22","author":"F Pattou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pattou, F. et al. Hypocalcemia following Thyroid Surgery: Incidence and Prediction of Outcome. World J. Surg \n                           22, 718\u2013724 (1998).","journal-title":"World J. Surg"},{"key":"14941_CR8","first-page":"641-7","volume":"116","author":"CR McHenry","year":"1994","unstructured":"McHenry, C. R., Speroff, T., Wentworth, D. & Murphy, T. Risk factors for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Surgery \n                           116, 641-7\u20138 (1994).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"14941_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/954194","volume":"2014","author":"N Zahedi Niaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zahedi Niaki, N. et al. The Cost of Prolonged Hospitalization due to Postthyroidectomy Hypocalcemia: A Case-Control Study. Adv. Endocrinol. \n                           2014, 1\u20134 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv. Endocrinol."},{"key":"14941_CR10","unstructured":"Naveh-Many, T. Molecular Biology of the Parathyroid. (Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers, 2005). at http:\/\/web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.vanderbilt.edu\/ehost\/ebookviewer\/ebook\/bmxlYmtfXzEyNTkwNF9fQU41?sid=0747ff07-a77e-43ea-9efe-aa979596f166@sessionmgr2&vid=0&format=EB&lpid=lp_x&rid=0>."},{"key":"14941_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21220","volume":"25","author":"A Mohebati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohebati, A. & Shaha, A. R. Anatomy of thyroid and parathyroid glands and neurovascular relations. Clin. Anat. \n                           25, 19\u201331 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"14941_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.12.1381","volume":"136","author":"CY Lo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lo, C. Y. et al. Parathyroid Autotransplantation During Thyroidectomy. Arch. Surg. \n                           136, 1381 (2001).","journal-title":"Arch. 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Intraoperative parathyroid hormone as an indicator for parathyroid gland preservation in thyroid surgery. Swiss Med. Wkly. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4414\/smw.2011.13299 (2011).","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2011.13299"},{"key":"14941_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10101","volume":"103","author":"JV Fortuny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fortuny, J. V. et al. Parathyroid gland angiography with indocyanine green fluorescence to predict parathyroid function after thyroid surgery. Br. J. Surg. \n                           103, 537\u2013543 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"14941_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fercher, A. F. & Briers, J. D. Flow Visualization By Means Of Single-Exposure Speckle Photography. Opt. 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M. & Nelson, J. S. Laser speckle imaging for monitoring blood flow dynamics in the in vivo rodent dorsal skin fold model. Microvasc. Res. \n                           68, 143\u20136 (2004).","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"14941_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133760","volume":"10","author":"F Iredahl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iredahl, F., L\u00f6fberg, A., Sj\u00f6berg, F., Farnebo, S. & Tesselaar, E. Non-Invasive Measurement of Skin Microvascular Response during Pharmacological and Physiological Provocations. PLoS One \n                           10, e0133760 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"14941_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200103000-00002","volume":"21","author":"AK Dunn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dunn, A. K., Bolay, H., Moskowitz, M. A. & Boas, D. A. Dynamic Imaging of Cerebral Blood Flow Using Laser Speckle. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. \n                           21, 195\u2013201 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"14941_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20619","volume":"40","author":"Y-C Huang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huang, Y.-C., Ringold, T. L., Nelson, J. S. & Choi, B. Noninvasive blood flow imaging for real-time feedback during laser therapy of port wine stain birthmarks. Lasers Surg. Med. \n                           40, 167\u2013173 (2008).","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"14941_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.12.005","volume":"42","author":"R Mirdell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirdell, R., Iredahl, F., Sj\u00f6berg, F., Farnebo, S. & Tesselaar, E. Microvascular blood flow in scalds in children and its relation to duration of wound healing: A study using laser speckle contrast imaging. Burns \n                           42, 648\u2013654 (2016).","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"14941_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richards, L. M. et al. Intraoperative multi-exposure speckle imaging of cerebral blood flow. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 0271678X1668698 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X16686987 (2017).","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16686987"},{"key":"14941_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.002635","volume":"8","author":"KJ Sexton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sexton, K. J., Zhao, Y., Davis, S. C., Jiang, S. & Pogue, B. W. Optimization of fluorescent imaging in the operating room through pulsed acquisition and gating to ambient background cycling. Biomed. Opt. Express \n                           8, 2635 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"14941_CR27","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons. Total Thyroidectomy Complication Rates and Costs Are Lower if Surgeon Performs 25 or More Cases Yearly. at https:\/\/www.facs.org\/media\/press-releases\/2015\/sosa (2015)."},{"key":"14941_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.001021","volume":"2","author":"O Thompson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thompson, O., Andrews, M. & Hirst, E. Correction for spatial averaging in laser speckle contrast analysis. Biomed. Opt. Express \n                           2, 1021\u20139 (2011).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"14941_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.33.002886","volume":"33","author":"SJ Kirkpatrick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick, S. J., Duncan, D. D. & Wells-Gray, E. M. Detrimental effects of speckle-pixel size matching in laser speckle contrast imaging. Opt. Lett. \n                           33, 2886 (2008).","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"14941_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66018","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.18.6.066018","volume":"18","author":"D Briers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Briers, D. et al. Laser speckle contrast imaging: theoretical and practical limitations. J. Biomed. Opt. \n                           18, 66018 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"14941_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazmi, S. M. S. et al. Flux or speed? Examining speckle contrast imaging of vascular flows. Biomed. Opt. Express \n                           6 (2015).","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.002588"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-14941-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-14941-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-14941-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T12:51:18Z","timestamp":1671799878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-14941-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-14941-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"14798"}}