{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:53:58Z","timestamp":1789019638703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been identified as risk factors affecting serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. We conducted this cross-sectional study to delineate whether MS or NAFLD has more impact on circulating SHBG levels in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters including serums SHBG, testosterone (TT), liver enzymes, lipids, insulin, C-peptide and plasma glucose were measured. Regardless of the MS status, SHBG level was significantly lower in NAFLD patients than in non-NAFLD patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower serum SHBG level was strongly correlated with a higher incidence of NAFLD, but not MS components. In logistic regression analyses, after adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, smoking status, and alcohol use, the ORs and 95%CI for presence of MS was 2.26 (95%CI 1.91\u20132.68) and for presence of NAFLD was 6.36 (95%CI 4.87\u20138.31) with per one SD decrease in serum SHBG (both P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In conclusion, lower serum SHBG is associated with a higher prevalence of NAFLD, compared with MS and other metabolic disorders, in T2D patients. NAFLD might be an important influencing factor for the association of circulating SHBG with MS in T2D patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15232-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T10:58:26Z","timestamp":1509447506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an influencing factor for the association of SHBG with metabolic syndrome in diabetes patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghui","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxia","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"15232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90299-K","volume":"40","author":"PH Petra","year":"1991","unstructured":"Petra, P. H. The plasma sex steroid binding protein (SBP or SHBG). A critical review of recent developments on the structure, molecular biology and function. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. \n                           40, 735\u2013753 (1991).","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"key":"15232_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1093351","volume":"41","author":"JD Caldwell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Caldwell, J. D. & Jirikowski, G. F. Sex hormone binding globulin and aging. Horm Metab Res. \n                           41, 173\u2013182 (2009).","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"key":"15232_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02560.x","volume":"65","author":"CA Derby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Derby, C. A., Zilber, S., Brambilla, D., Morales, K. H. & McKinlay, J. B. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio and change in sex steroid hormones: the Massachusetts Male Ageing Study. Clin Endocrinol. \n                           65, 125\u2013131 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."},{"key":"15232_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010600692017","volume":"52","author":"JA Osuna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Osuna, J. A., G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, R., Arata-Bellabarba, G. & Villaroel, V. Relationship between BMI, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding-globulin, leptin, insulin and insulin resistance in obese men. Arch Androl. \n                           52, 355\u2013361 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch Androl."},{"key":"15232_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0888","volume":"34","author":"S Bhasin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhasin, S. et al. Sex Hormone\u2013Binding Globulin, but Not Testosterone, Is Associated Prospectively and Independently With Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Men The Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes Care. \n                           34, 2464\u20132470 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"15232_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1036","volume":"27","author":"DE Laaksonen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laaksonen, D. E. et al. Testosterone and sex hormone\u2013binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care. \n                           27, 1036\u20131041 (2004).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"15232_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12360","volume":"80","author":"XM Hua","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hua, X. M. et al. Low serum sex hormonebinding globulin is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Endocrinol. \n                           80, 877\u2013883 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."},{"key":"15232_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0179","volume":"59","author":"A Peter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peter, A. et al. Relationships of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin with metabolic traits in humans. Diabetes. \n                           59, 3167\u20133173 (2010).","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"15232_CR9","first-page":"287","volume":"46","author":"M Flechtner-Mors","year":"2014","unstructured":"Flechtner-Mors, M. et al. Associations of fatty liver disease and other factors affecting serum SHBG concentrations: a population based study on 1657 subjects. 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Clin Endocrinol. \n                           79, 517\u2013522 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15232-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15232-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15232-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T13:03:51Z","timestamp":1671800631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15232-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["15232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-15232-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"14532"}}