{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T18:57:22Z","timestamp":1772305042543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human mastadenovirus species C (HAdV-C) are the most common etiologic agents of respiratory disease in young children and are frequently detected worldwide including China. Two recombinant HAdV-C strains (BJ04 and BJ09) were isolated from infants with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Beijing in 2012\u20132013. The whole genome sequences (WGS) of BJ04 and BJ09 were generated and compared to other 35 HAdV-C WGSs publicly available. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the BJ04 strain might be the result of three homologous recombination events involving the parental strains JX173086 (HAdV-1), NC_001405 (HAdV-2) and LC068718 (HAdV-6), whereas BJ09 viral genome might be made of genetic elements from JX173083 (HAdV-1), KF268199 (HAdV-5), and KR699642 (strain CBJ113). Despite intratypic recombination, amino acid analysis showed that the gene repertoire of BJ04 and BJ09 were similar to type 2 viruses. Finally, this analysis revealed that at least three lineages of HAdV-C have been identified in China, represented by BJ04 related to NC_001405, BJ09 related to CBJ113, and KF951595 (strain DD28) related to virus isolated in Japan. This study showed that the frequent recombination played an important driving force for complexity of the HAdV-C epidemic in Beijing, thereby demonstrating the necessity for epidemiological and virological surveillance for HAdV-C in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15336-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1510048963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Whole genomic analysis of two potential recombinant strains within Human mastadenovirus species C previously found in Beijing, China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Naiying","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Rivailler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"15336_CR1","unstructured":"Wold WSM, I. M. In Fields virology Vol. 6th (eds Howley, P. M., et al.) 1732\u20131767 (Philadelphia Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, 2013)."},{"key":"15336_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19497-0","volume":"84","author":"AJ Davison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davison, A. J., Benko, M. & Harrach, B. Genetic content and evolution of adenoviruses. J Gen Virol \n                           84, 2895\u20132908, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.19497-0 (2003).","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"15336_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.3.1836-1844.1996","volume":"70","author":"L Crawford-Miksza","year":"1996","unstructured":"Crawford-Miksza, L. & Schnurr, D. P. Analysis of 15 adenovirus hexon proteins reveals the location and structure of seven hypervariable regions containing serotype-specific residues. J Virol \n                           70, 1836\u20131844 (1996).","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"15336_CR4","unstructured":"Benko, M., Harrach, B. & Russell, W. C. Adenoviridae, p. 227\u2013237. In van Regenmortel, M. H. V. et al. (eds), Seventh report of the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego, CA (2000)."},{"key":"15336_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00354-11","volume":"85","author":"D Seto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seto, D., Chodosh, J., Brister, J. R. & Jones, M. S. & Members of the Adenovirus Research, C. Using the whole-genome sequence to characterize and name human adenoviruses. J Virol \n                           85, 5701\u20135702, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00354-11 (2011).","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"15336_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.66.436","volume":"66","author":"S Hiroi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hiroi, S., Morikawa, S., Takahashi, K., Komano, J. & Kase, T. Molecular epidemiology of human adenoviruses d associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Osaka, Japan, 2001\u20132010. Jpn J Infect Dis \n                           66, 436\u2013438 (2013).","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"15336_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matsushima, Y. et al. Genome sequence of a novel virus of the species human adenovirus d associated with acute gastroenteritis. Genome Announc \n                           1, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/genomeA.00068-12 (2013).","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00068-12"},{"key":"15336_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.151898","volume":"22","author":"MK Scott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scott, M. K. et al. Human Adenovirus Associated with Severe Respiratory Infection, Oregon, USA, 2013\u20132014. Emerg Infect Dis \n                           22, 1044\u20131051, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2206.151898 (2016).","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"15336_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64254","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064254","volume":"8","author":"G Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang, G. et al. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in Gansu Province, China, 2011. PLoS One \n                           8, e64254, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064254 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"15336_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.06.030","volume":"58","author":"AE Kajon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kajon, A. E. et al. Molecular and serological characterization of species B2 adenovirus strains isolated from children hospitalized with acute respiratory disease in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Clin Virol \n                           58, 4\u201310, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.06.030 (2013).","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"15336_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.76.3.420","volume":"76","author":"KM Edwards","year":"1985","unstructured":"Edwards, K. M., Thompson, J., Paolini, J. & Wright, P. F. Adenovirus infections in young children. Pediatrics \n                           76, 420\u2013424 (1985).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"15336_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10608","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.21.10608-10616.2002","volume":"76","author":"CT Garnett","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garnett, C. T., Erdman, D., Xu, W. & Gooding, L. R. Prevalence and quantitation of species C adenovirus DNA in human mucosal lymphocytes. J Virol \n                           76, 10608\u201310616 (2002).","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"15336_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23014","volume":"6","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Phylogenetic evidence for intratypic recombinant events in a novel human adenovirus C that causes severe acute respiratory infection in children. Sci Rep \n                           6, 23014, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep23014 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"15336_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M. et al. Adenoviruses associated with acute respiratory diseases reported in Beijing from 2011 to 2013. PLoS One. 10, e0121375. doi:0121310.0121371\/journal.pone.0121375eCollection 0122015 (2015).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121375"},{"key":"15336_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00282-09","volume":"47","author":"Z Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang, Z. et al. Genomic analyses of recombinant adenovirus type 11a in China. J Clin Microbiol \n                           47, 3082\u20133090, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00282-09 (2009).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"15336_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5743-5752.2005","volume":"43","author":"D Metzgar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Metzgar, D. et al. PCR analysis of egyptian respiratory adenovirus isolates, including identification of species, serotypes, and coinfections. J Clin Microbiol \n                           43, 5743\u20135752, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5743-5752.2005 (2005).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"15336_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.625-627.2006","volume":"44","author":"M Echavarria","year":"2006","unstructured":"Echavarria, M. et al. Use of PCR to demonstrate presence of adenovirus species B, C, or F as well as coinfection with two adenovirus species in children with flu-like symptoms. J Clin Microbiol \n                           44, 625\u2013627, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.44.2.625-627.2006 (2006).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"15336_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90082-Z","volume":"186","author":"J Chroboczek","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chroboczek, J., Bieber, F. & Jacrot, B. The sequence of the genome of adenovirus type 5 and its comparison with the genome of adenovirus type 2. Virology \n                           186, 280\u2013285 (1992).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"15336_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00156-11","volume":"49","author":"MP Walsh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walsh, M. P. et al. Computational analysis of two species C human adenoviruses provides evidence of a novel virus. J Clin Microbiol \n                           49, 3482\u20133490, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00156-11 (2011).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"15336_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83057-0","volume":"89","author":"AN Lukashev","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lukashev, A. N., Ivanova, O. E., Eremeeva, T. P. & Iggo, R. D. Evidence of frequent recombination among human adenoviruses. J Gen Virol \n                           89, 380\u2013388, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.83057-0 (2008).","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"15336_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-271","volume":"10","author":"Y Jin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jin, Y. et al. Prevalence of adenovirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China. Virol J \n                           10, 271, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422X-10-271 (2013).","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"15336_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-015-0388-z","volume":"12","author":"T Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, T. et al. Viral Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province, China. Virol J \n                           12, 168, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-015-0388-z (2015).","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"15336_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu225","volume":"59","author":"DF Wurzel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wurzel, D. F. et al. Adenovirus species C is associated with chronic suppurative lung diseases in children. Clin Infect Dis \n                           59, 34\u201340, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciu225 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"15336_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01249-06","volume":"44","author":"AR Thorner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thorner, A. R. et al. Age dependence of adenovirus-specific neutralizing antibody titers in individuals from sub-Saharan Africa. J Clin Microbiol \n                           44, 3781\u20133783, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01249-06 (2006).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"15336_CR25","first-page":"351","volume":"11","author":"E Nwanegbo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nwanegbo, E. et al. Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to adenoviral serotypes 5 and 35 in the adult populations of The Gambia, South Africa, and the United States. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol \n                           11, 351\u2013357 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"15336_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603983","volume":"97","author":"B Gustafsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gustafsson, B. et al. Adenovirus DNA is detected at increased frequency in Guthrie cards from children who develop acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer \n                           97, 992\u2013994, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603983 (2007).","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"15336_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80169-7","volume":"99","author":"C Blanke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blanke, C. et al. Evolving pathogens in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: increased fatal adenoviral infections. Am J Med \n                           99, 326\u2013328 (1995).","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"15336_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70168-0","volume":"116","author":"ND Bridges","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bridges, N. D., Spray, T. L., Collins, M. H., Bowles, N. E. & Towbin, J. A. Adenovirus infection in the lung results in graft failure after lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg \n                           116, 617\u2013623, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70168-0 (1998).","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"15336_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.3.262","volume":"5","author":"JC Hierholzer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hierholzer, J. C. Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host. Clin Microbiol Rev \n                           5, 262\u2013274 (1992).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"15336_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.10.944","volume":"16","author":"K Rutherford","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rutherford, K. et al. Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation. Bioinformatics. \n                           16, 944\u2013945 (2000).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"15336_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katoh, K. & Standley, D. M. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol. 30, 772\u2013780. doi:710.1093\/molbev\/mst1010. Epub2013 Jan 1016 (2013).","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010"},{"key":"15336_CR32","unstructured":"Hall, T. A. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. Nucl. Acids. Symp. Ser \n                           41, 95\u201398. (1999)."},{"key":"15336_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/5.2.150","volume":"5","author":"S Kumar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M. MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform. \n                           5, 150\u2013163 (2004).","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform."},{"key":"15336_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 30, 2725\u20132729. doi:2710.1093\/molbev\/mst2197. Epub2013 Oct 2716 (2013).","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"15336_CR35","first-page":"406","volume":"4","author":"N Saitou","year":"1987","unstructured":"Saitou, N. & Nei, M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol. \n                           4, 406\u2013425 (1987).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"15336_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guindon, S. et al. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol. 59, 307\u2013321. doi:310.1093\/sysbio\/syq1010. Epub 2010 Mar1029 (2010).","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010"},{"key":"15336_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, D. P., Murrell, B., Golden, M., Khoosal, A. & Muhire, B. RDP4: Detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes. Virus Evol. 1, vev003. eCollection 2015 (2015).","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vev003"},{"key":"15336_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999","volume":"73","author":"KS Lole","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lole, K. S. et al. Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination. J Virol. \n                           73, 152\u2013160 (1999).","journal-title":"J Virol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15336-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15336-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15336-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T13:37:30Z","timestamp":1671802650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-15336-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["15336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-15336-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"15380"}}