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Repurposing drugs can lead to timely availability of new antibiotics, accelerated by existing safety profiles. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a widely used and safe formulation for treatment of multiple sclerosis. It contains a large diversity of essentially isomeric polypeptides with the cationic and amphiphilic character of many antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we report that GA is antibacterial, targeting Gram-negative organisms with higher activity towards <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> than the naturally-occurring AMP LL-37 in human plasma. As judged from flow cytometric assays, bacterial killing by GA occurred within minutes. Laboratory strains of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> were killed by a process of condensing intracellular contents. Efficient killing by GA was also demonstrated in <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates and approximately 50% of clinical isolates of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> from chronic airway infection in CF patients. By contrast, the Gram-positive <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> cells appeared to be protected from GA by an increased formation of nm-scale particulates. Our data identify GA as an attractive drug repurposing candidate to treat infections with Gram-negative bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15969-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T14:39:28Z","timestamp":1510238368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Immunomodulatory Drug Glatiramer Acetate is Also an Effective Antimicrobial Agent that Kills Gram-negative Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stig Hill","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7274-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronan A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Juul-Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Fredborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Lykke","family":"Hvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esben","family":"Axelgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Skovdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rikke Louise","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uffe B. 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