{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:41:28Z","timestamp":1790480488478,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Little is known about the mechanical properties of pelvic floor structures and their role in the course and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We hypothesize that\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    mechanical properties of the vaginal wall are related to the appearance of POP and pre-and post-operative states. We used a suction device for intravaginal application, the aspiration device, to evaluate two\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    mechanical parameters of the anterior vaginal wall, the load dependent tissue displacement and the initial displacement, by image analysis in pre- and post-menopausal women with (POP) and without (control) cystocele (POP: pre-menopausal: N\u2009=\u20096, post-menopausal: N\u2009=\u200919, control: pre-menopausal: N\u2009=\u200917, post-menopausal: N\u2009=\u20096). Mechanical parameters in women with and without cystocele and pre- and post-operative parameters were compared. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two mechanical parameters in pre- and post-operative states (P\u2009=\u20090.04, P\u2009=\u20090.03), but not between the parameters for women with and without cystocele (P\u2009=\u20090.92, P\u2009=\u20090.75). The mechanical behavior of pelvic floor structures is influenced by factors such as POP, age or estrogenization that are apparent at different length scales, which cannot be separated by the aspiration based biomechanical measurements. When comparing pre- and post-operative states of the same patient, a firmer tissue response was observed after intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16083-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]],"date-time":"2017-11-17T06:48:20Z","timestamp":1510901300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Measuring tissue displacement of the anterior vaginal wall using the novel aspiration technique in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"R\u00f6hrnbauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Betschart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Perucchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bajka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Maake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5374-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Amos","family":"Scheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"16083_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00058-6","volume":"89","author":"AL Olsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Olsen, A. L., Smith, V. J., Bergstrom, J. O., Colling, J. C. & Clark, A. L. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol \n                           89, 501\u2013506, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00058-6 (1997).","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"16083_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01894267","volume":"6","author":"X Fu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fu, X., Siltberg, H., Johnson, P. & Ulmsten, U. Viscoelastic properties and muscular function of the human anterior vaginal wall. Int Urogynecol J \n                           6, 229\u2013234, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01894267 (1995).","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"16083_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0533-3","volume":"19","author":"C Rubod","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rubod, C. et al. Biomechanical properties of vaginal tissue: preliminary results. Int Urogynecol J \n                           19, 811\u2013816, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-007-0533-3 (2008).","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"16083_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.11.025","volume":"183","author":"AS Gilchrist","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilchrist, A. S., Gupta, A., Eberhart, R. C. & Zimmern, P. E. Do Biomechanical Properties of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse Tissue Predict Outcome of Surgical Repair? J Urology \n                           183, 1069\u20131073, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.11.025 (2010).","journal-title":"J Urology"},{"key":"16083_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-009-0157-2","volume":"9","author":"E Pena","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pena, E. et al. Experimental study and constitutive modeling of the viscoelastic mechanical properties of the human prolapsed vaginal tissue. Biomech Model Mechan \n                           9, 35\u201344, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-009-0157-2 (2010).","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechan"},{"key":"16083_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-006-0214-7","volume":"18","author":"LL Lei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lei, L. L., Song, Y. F. & Chen, R. Q. Biomechanical properties of prolapsed vaginal tissue in pre- and postmenopausal women. Int Urogynecol J \n                           18, 603\u2013607, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-006-0214-7 (2007).","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"16083_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200019","volume":"13","author":"JTW Goh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goh, J. T. W. Biomechanical properties of prolapsed vaginal tissue in pre- and postmenopausal women. Int Urogynecol J Pel \n                           13, 76\u201379, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001920200019 (2002).","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pel"},{"key":"16083_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(98)00026-5","volume":"20","author":"GJC Ettema","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ettema, G. J. C., Goh, J. T. W. & Forwood, M. R. A new method to measure elastic properties of plastic-viscoelastic connective tissue. Med Eng Phys \n                           20, 308\u2013314, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1350-4533(98)00026-5 (1998).","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"16083_CR9","first-page":"149","volume":"27","author":"A Gilchrist","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilchrist, A., Zimmern, P., Bhat, A., Gupta, A. & Eberhart, R. Do biomechanical properties of anterior prolapsed vaginal tissue predict surgical outcome repair? 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In ICS\/IUGA."},{"key":"16083_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165.e161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.040","volume":"197","author":"LB Epstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Epstein, L. B., Graham, C. A. & Heit, M. H. Systemic and vaginal biomechanical properties of women with normal vaginal support and pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol \n                           197, 165.e161\u2013165.e166, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.040 (2007).","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"16083_CR16","unstructured":"Werbrouck, E. et al. Correlation of in vivo biomechanical properties of the vaginal wall and clinical severity scores in patients with and without previous prolapse surgery. Non-Discussion Poster in ICS-IUGA annual scientific meeting (2010)."},{"key":"16083_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664.e661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.07.056","volume":"199","author":"LB Epstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Epstein, L. 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