{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:06:56Z","timestamp":1790305616087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Magnetic field (MF) non-ionizing radiation is widespread and everyone is exposed to some degree. This prospective cohort study of 913 pregnant women examined the association between high MF exposure and miscarriage risk. Cox (proportional hazards) regression was used to examine the association. After controlling for multiple other factors, women who were exposed to higher MF levels had 2.72 times the risk of miscarriage (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20092.72, 95% CI: 1.42\u20135.19) than those with lower MF exposure. The increased risk of miscarriage associated with high MF was consistently observed regardless of the sources of high MF. The association was much stronger if MF was measured on a typical day of participants\u2019 pregnancies. The finding also demonstrated that accurate measurement of MF exposure is vital for examining MF health effects. This study provides fresh evidence, directly from a human population, that MF non-ionizing radiation could have adverse biological impacts on human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16623-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T09:40:28Z","timestamp":1512639628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Exposure to Magnetic Field Non-Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Miscarriage: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"De-Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannette R.","family":"Ferber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Odouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Quesenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"16623_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyde, M. et al. Report of Partial findings from the National Toxicology Program Carcinogenesis Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Hsd: Sprague Dawley\u00ae SD rats (Whole Body Exposure), http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/content\/early\/2016\/06\/23\/055699 (2016).","DOI":"10.1101\/055699"},{"key":"16623_CR2","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program. Media \n                           Telebriefing\n                           : \n                           NTP \n                           Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation Study: Partial Release of Findings, http:\/\/www.niehs.nih.gov\/news\/newsroom\/releases\/2016\/may27\/ (2016)."},{"key":"16623_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70147-4","volume":"12","author":"R Baan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baan, R. et al. Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. The Lancet. Oncology \n                           12, 624\u2013626 (2011).","journal-title":"The Lancet. Oncology"},{"key":"16623_CR4","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 2: Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. Vol. 102 (World Health Organization, 2013)."},{"key":"16623_CR5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2007 WHO Research Agenda for Extremely Low Frequency Fields. (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007)."},{"key":"16623_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116569","volume":"136","author":"ML Lindbohm","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lindbohm, M. L. et al. Magnetic fields of video display terminals and spontaneous abortion. Am.J.Epidemiol. \n                           136, 1041\u20131051 (1992).","journal-title":"Am.J.Epidemiol."},{"key":"16623_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250140306","volume":"14","author":"J Juutilainen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Juutilainen, J., Matilainen, P., Saarikoski, S., Laara, E. & Suonio, S. Early pregnancy loss and exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics \n                           14, 229\u2013236 (1993).","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"16623_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82113","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082113","volume":"8","author":"Q Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Residential exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields and the association with miscarriage risk: a 2-year prospective cohort study. PLoS One \n                           8, e82113 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"16623_CR9","first-page":"131","volume":"13","author":"MF Shamsi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shamsi, M. F., Ziaei, S., Firoozabadi, M. & Kazemnejad, A. Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields during Pregnancy and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion: A Case-Control Study. J Res Health Sci \n                           13, 131\u2013134 (2013).","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"16623_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-015-2144-z","author":"LY Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, L. Y. et al. Epidemiological investigation of risk factors of the pregnant women with early spontaneous abortion in Beijing. Chin J Integr Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11655-015-2144-z (2015).","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"16623_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40201-015-0193-z","volume":"13","author":"FS Mahmoudabadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahmoudabadi, F. S., Ziaei, S., Firoozabadi, M. & Kazemnejad, A. Use of mobile phone during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. J Environ Health Sci Eng \n                           13, 34, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40201-015-0193-z (2015).","journal-title":"J Environ Health Sci Eng"},{"key":"16623_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200201000-00004","volume":"13","author":"DK Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li, D. K. et al. A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Epidemiology \n                           13, 9\u201320 (2002).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"16623_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200201000-00005","volume":"13","author":"GM Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee, G. M., Neutra, R. R., Hristova, L., Yost, M. & Hiatt, R. A. A nested case-control study of residential and personal magnetic field measures and miscarriages. Epidemiology \n                           13, 21\u201331 (2002).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"16623_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101050","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101050","volume":"9","author":"XJ Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su, X. J. et al. Correlation between Exposure to Magnetic Fields and Embryonic Development in the First Trimester. PLoS One. \n                           9, e101050 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"16623_CR15","unstructured":"Gordon, N. P. A Comparison of Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Membership Derived from Two Data Sources: The 2008 Member Health Survey and the 2007 California Health Interview Survey., (Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, 2012)."},{"key":"16623_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon, N. P. Similarity of the Adult Kaiser Permanente Membership in Northern California to the Insured and General Population in Northern California: Statistics from the 2011\u201312 California Health Interview Survey. (Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, 2015).","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/15-225"},{"key":"16623_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D. K., Chen, H. & Odouli, R. Maternal Exposure to Magnetic Fields During Pregnancy in Relation to the Risk of Asthma in Offspring. Arch.Pediatr.Adolesc.Med. 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