{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T21:19:11Z","timestamp":1770326351449,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multi-material systems interfaced with 2D materials, or entirely new 3D heterostructures can lead to the next generation multi-functional device architectures. Physical and chemical control at the nanoscale is also necessary tailor these materials as functional structures approach physical limit. 2D transition metal thiophosphates (TPS), with a general formulae Cu<jats:sub>1\u2212x<\/jats:sub>In<jats:sub>1+x\/3<\/jats:sub>P<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>6,<\/jats:sub> have shown ferroelectric polarization behavior with a <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\n                  <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                <\/jats:sub> above the room temperature, making them attractive candidates for designing both: chemical and physical properties. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ferroic order persists on the surface, and that spinoidal decomposition of ferroelectric and paraelectric phases occurs in non-stoichiometric Cu\/In ratio formulations. Here, we discuss the chemical changes induced by helium ion irradiation. We explore the TPS compound library with varying Cu\/In ratio, using Helium Ion Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). We correlate physical nano- and micro- structures to the helium ion dose, as well as chemical signatures of copper, oxygen and sulfur. Our ToF-SIMS results show that He ion irradiation leads to oxygen penetration into the irradiated areas, and diffuses along the Cu-rich domains to the extent of the stopping distance of the helium ions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16949-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T10:33:11Z","timestamp":1511519591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chemical Changes in Layered Ferroelectric Semiconductors Induced by Helium Ion Beam"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Belianinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Burch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holland E.","family":"Hysmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton V.","family":"Ievlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0518-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vighter","family":"Iberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Susner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Maksymovych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Chyasnavichyus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Jesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-2309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga S.","family":"Ovchinnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"16949_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1589","volume":"5","author":"M Chhowalla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chhowalla, M. et al. 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