{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:34:03Z","timestamp":1790145243551,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mind-wandering, the mind\u2019s capacity to stray from external events and generate task-unrelated thought, has been associated with activity in the brain default network. To date, little is understood about the contribution of individual nodes of this network to mind-wandering. Here, we investigated the role of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mind-wandering, by perturbing this region with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Young healthy participants performed a choice reaction time task both before and after receiving cathodal tDCS over mPFC, and had their thoughts periodically sampled. We found that tDCS over mPFC - but not occipital or sham tDCS - decreased the propensity to mind-wander. The tDCS-induced reduction in mind-wandering occurred in men, but not in women, and was accompanied by a change in the content of task-unrelated though, which became more related to other people (as opposed to the self) following tDCS. These findings indicate that mPFC is crucial for mind-wandering, possibly by helping construction of self-relevant scenarios capable to divert attention\u00a0inward, away from perceptual reality. Gender-related differences in tDCS-induced changes suggest that mPFC controls mind-wandering differently in men and women, which may depend on differences in the structural and functional organization of distributed brain networks governing mind-wandering, including mPFC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17267-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T11:10:11Z","timestamp":1511953811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex dampens mind-wandering in men"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Bertossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Peccenini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Solmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1139-9996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Avenanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Ciaramelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"17267_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015331","volume":"66","author":"J Smallwood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smallwood, J. & Schooler, J. W. The science of mind wandering: empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. Annu. Rev. Psychol. \n                           66, 487\u2013518 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"17267_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01948.x","volume":"18","author":"MJ Kane","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kane, M. J. et al. For whom the mind wanders, and when: an experience-sampling study of working memory and executive control in daily life. Psychol. Sci. \n                           18, 614\u2013621 (2007).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"17267_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192439","volume":"330","author":"MA Killingsworth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Killingsworth, M. A. & Gilbert, D. T. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. 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