{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:55:05Z","timestamp":1793732105790,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Upper limb amputation deprives individuals of their innate ability to manipulate objects. Such disability can be restored with a robotic prosthesis linked to the brain by a human-machine interface (HMI) capable of decoding voluntary intentions, and sending motor commands to the prosthesis. Clinical or research HMIs rely on the interpretation of electrophysiological signals recorded from the muscles. However, the quest for an HMI that allows for arbitrary and physiologically appropriate control of dexterous prostheses, is far from being completed. Here we propose a new HMI that aims to track the muscles contractions with implanted permanent magnets, by means of magnetic field sensors. We called this a myokinetic control interface. We present the concept, the features and a demonstration of a prototype which exploits six 3-axis sensors to localize four magnets implanted in a forearm mockup, for the control of a dexterous hand prosthesis. The system proved highly linear (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.99) and precise (1% repeatability), yet exhibiting short computation delay (45 ms) and limited cross talk errors (10% the mean stroke of the magnets). Our results open up promising possibilities for amputees, demonstrating the viability of the myokinetic approach in implementing direct and simultaneous control over multiple digits of an artificial hand.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17464-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T06:57:37Z","timestamp":1512111457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The myokinetic control interface: tracking implanted magnets as a means for prosthetic control"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Controzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"17464_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2010.2085429","volume":"3","author":"S Micera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Micera, S., Carpaneto, J. & Raspopovic, S. Control of hand prostheses using peripheral information. IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. \n                           3, 48\u201368 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"17464_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.13.2.135","volume":"13","author":"CJ De Luca","year":"1997","unstructured":"De Luca, C. J. The Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics. J. Appl. Biomech. \n                           13, 135\u2013163 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"17464_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2301234","volume":"22","author":"C Cipriani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cipriani, C., Segil, J. L., Birdwell, J. A. & Weir, R. F. Dexterous control of a prosthetic hand using fine-wire intramuscular electrodes in targeted extrinsic muscles. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. \n                           22, 828\u2013836 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"17464_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2344854","volume":"62","author":"JA Birdwell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Birdwell, J. A., Hargrove, L. J., Weir, R. F. & Kuiken, T. A. Extrinsic finger and thumb muscles command a virtual hand to allow individual finger and grasp control. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. \n                           62, 218\u201326 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"17464_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amsuess, S., Goebel, P., Graimann, B. & Farina, D. Extending mode switching to multiple degrees of freedom in hand prosthesis control is not efficient. in 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology \n                           Society 658\u2013661, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6943677(IEEE, 2014).","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6943677"},{"key":"17464_CR6","first-page":"598","volume":"48","author":"FR Finley","year":"1967","unstructured":"Finley, F. R. & Wirta, R. W. Myocoder studies of multiple myopotential response. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. \n                           48, 598 (1967).","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"17464_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.09.0177","volume":"48","author":"E Scheme","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scheme, E. & Englehart, K. Electromyogram pattern recognition for control of powered upper-limb prostheses: State of the art and challenges for clinical use. J. Rehabil. Res. 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Implantable myoelectric sensors (IMESs) for intramuscular electromyogram recording. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. \n                           56, 159\u2013171 (2009).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"17464_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257re6","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008933","volume":"6","author":"MJ Ortiz-Catalan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ortiz-Catalan, M. J., H\u00e5kansson, B. & Br\u00e5nemark, R. An osseointegrated human-machine gateway for long-term sensory feedback and motor control of artificial limbs. Sci. Transl. Med. \n                           6, 257re6 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"17464_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.116","volume":"301","author":"TA Kuiken","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuiken, T. A. et al. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for Real-time Myoelectric Control of Multifunction Artificial Arms. J. Am. Med. 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Development of a Model Osseo-Magnetic Link for Intuitive Rotational Control of Upper-Limb Prostheses. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. \n                           19, 213\u2013220 (2011).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"17464_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.891391","volume":"15","author":"TR Farrell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farrell, T. R. & Weir, R. F. The Optimal Controller Delay for Myoelectric Prostheses. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. \n                           15, 111\u2013118 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"17464_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conn, A. R., Gould, N. I. M. & Toint, P. L. Trust Region Methods. 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(CRC Press, 1975)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-17464-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-17464-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-17464-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T10:26:17Z","timestamp":1671791177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-17464-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["17464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-17464-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"17149"}}