{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:53:52Z","timestamp":1761490432803},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of mortality all over the globe. BCG, the only vaccine available against this disease has been successful in preventing the severe forms of childhood TB. However, the unsatisfactory performance of BCG in controlling the adult pulmonary tuberculosis has made the development of an effective vaccine against <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> a prime objective of the TB research. In this study, a genetically stable, marker-free recombinant MVA expressing \u03b1-crystallin of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (rMVA.<jats:italic>acr<\/jats:italic>) was generated which was further evaluated for its ability to impart protection as a booster vaccine against tuberculosis in a heterologous prime boost approach. Our results demonstrated that intradermal delivery of rMVA.<jats:italic>acr<\/jats:italic> was able to efficiently boost the BCG induced protection against <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection in guinea pigs by significantly reducing the pulmonary bacillary load (1.27 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> fewer bacilli) in comparison to BCG vaccination alone. In addition, boosting BCG vaccinated animals with intramuscular delivery of rMVA.<jats:italic>acr<\/jats:italic> resulted in significantly superior protective efficacy in both lungs and spleen with 0.83 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and 0.74 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> CFU fewer bacilli, respectively, when compared to animals vaccinated with BCG only. These findings establish the promise of this prime-boost strategy involving rMVA.<jats:italic>acr<\/jats:italic> in enhancing the efficacy of BCG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17587-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T09:42:35Z","timestamp":1512466955000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Boosting with recombinant MVA expressing M. tuberculosis \u03b1-crystallin antigen augments the protection imparted by BCG against tuberculosis in guinea pigs"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Prachi","family":"Nangpal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ritika Kar","family":"Bahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"17587_CR1","unstructured":"WHO: Global TB report 2016 http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/191102\/1\/9789241565059_eng.pdf?u=1 Accessed 25th July 2017."},{"key":"17587_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.11021","volume":"316","author":"HM Blumberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blumberg, H. M. & Ernst, J. D. The challenge of latent Tb infection. JAMA. \n                           316, 931\u2013933 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"17587_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.6.1154","volume":"22","author":"LC Rodrigues","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rodrigues, L. C., Diwan, V. K. & Wheeler, J. G. Protective effect of BCG against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. \n                           22, 1154\u20131158 (1993).","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"17587_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.009","volume":"7","author":"H McShane","year":"2005","unstructured":"McShane, H. & Hill, A. Prime-boost immunisation strategies for tuberculosis. 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Infect Immun. \n                           72, 6622\u20136632 (2004).","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"17587_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.4.801-808.1998","volume":"180","author":"AF Cunningham","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cunningham, A. F. & Spreadbury, C. L. Mycobacterial stationary phase induced by low oxygen tension: cell wall thickening and localization of the 16-kilodalton alpha-crystallin homolog. J Bacteriol. \n                           180, 801\u2013808 (1998).","journal-title":"J Bacteriol."},{"key":"17587_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7534","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.121172498","volume":"98","author":"DR Sherman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sherman, D. R. et al. Regulation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis hypoxic response gene encoding alpha -crystallin. 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