{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T12:45:31Z","timestamp":1759063531483,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV prevention research is focused on combining antiretrovirals (ARV) and progestin contraceptives to prevent HIV infection and pregnancy. The possibility that progestins compromise ARV anti-HIV activity prompted us to evaluate the effects of progestins on tenofovir (TFV) and TFV-alafenamide (TAF) on HIV infection and intracellular TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in blood and genital CD4+\u2009T cells. Following incubation of blood CD4+\u2009T cells with TFV or TAF, Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), but not Levonorgestrel, Norethisterone or progesterone, suppressed the anti-HIV effect of TFV by reducing intracellular TFV-DP, but had no effect on TAF inhibition of infection or TFV-DP. In contrast, with genital CD4+\u2009T cells, MPA suppressed TAF inhibition of HIV infection and lowered of TFV-DP concentrations without affecting TFV protection. These findings demonstrate that MPA selectively compromises TFV and TAF protection in blood and genital CD4+\u2009T cells and suggests that MPA may decrease ARV protection in individuals who use ARV intermittently for prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18078-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T10:22:27Z","timestamp":1513074147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hormonal Contraceptives Differentially Suppress TFV and TAF Inhibition of HIV Infection and TFV-DP in Blood and Genital Tract CD4+\u2009T cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2365-2602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rodriguez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mickey V.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Bodwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela D. M.","family":"Kashuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Wira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"18078_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Global summary of the AIDS epidemic (2015)."},{"key":"18078_CR2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Women, girls, gender equality and HIV (2010)."},{"key":"18078_CR3","unstructured":"NIAID. Gender-Specific Health Challenges Facing Women. https:\/\/www.niaid.nih.gov\/research\/gender-specific-health-challenges (2016)."},{"key":"18078_CR4","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (2015)."},{"key":"18078_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524","volume":"367","author":"JM Baeten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baeten, J. M. et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med \n                           367, 399\u2013410, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524 (2012).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"18078_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110711","volume":"367","author":"MC Thigpen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thigpen, M. C. et al. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. 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