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The disease affects rural populations who have the least economic means to fight it. Impregnated mosquito nets have reduced the mortality rate but the <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes are changing their feeding patterns and have become more active at dusk and early morning rather than after 22h00 as an adaptation to the nets. Everyone is susceptible to the <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> at these times but infants and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to the disease. Plant-based mosquito repellents are as effective as synthetic repellents that protect people from bites. They are sustainable preventative measures against malaria not only because of their efficacy but because the local population can produce and distribute them, which represents a source of economic growth for rural areas. Here, we extract and test the essential oil nepetalactone from <jats:italic>Nepeta cataria<\/jats:italic> via steam distillation. Families in endemic areas of Burundi found them effective against bites but commented that the odor was pungent. An epidemiological study is required to establish its clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18141-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T11:58:52Z","timestamp":1517227132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sustainable manufacture of insect repellents derived from Nepeta cataria"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Patience","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginette","family":"Karirekinyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-4646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas A.","family":"Patience","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cariton","family":"Kubwabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Claude","family":"Bizimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria C.","family":"Boffito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"18141_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Karirekinyana is now marketing products derived from the <i>N. Cataria<\/i> essential oil in Burundi. All the work reported in the document was completed before commercialization. KarireProducts has 10 employees. All other authors declare that they have no financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"2235"}}