{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:10:21Z","timestamp":1772539821478,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled patients with confirmed sputum eosinophilia who had visited our tertiary referral hospital between 2012 and 2015. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of exacerbations in patients with nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB), and investigated predictors of improvement in eosinophilic inflammation in chronic airway diseases with or without persistent airflow limitation. In total, 398 patients with sputum eosinophilia were enrolled. Of these, 152 (38.2%) had NAEB. The incidence rate of exacerbations requiring treatment with antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, or hospital admission was 0.13 per patient-year (95% CI, 0.06\u20130.19) in NAEB. Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) did not affect the risk of exacerbations, even in an analysis of propensity score. One hundred seventy-six patients had chronic airway diseases; in 37 of these (21.0%), sputum eosinophilia had improved at the 1-year follow-up. Patients who had persistent airflow limitation were less likely to show an improvement in eosinophilic inflammation (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09\u20130.77) when they were treated with ICSs for less than 75% of the follow-up days. Exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, or hospitalization did occur, although infrequently, in NAEB patients. Among patients with chronic airway diseases, those with persistent airflow limitation were less likely to show an improvement in eosinophilic airway inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18265-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T10:46:08Z","timestamp":1514976368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical Outcome of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Chronic Airway Diseases Including Nonasthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jaeyoung","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Mi","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Sik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chul-Gyu","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Whan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Koo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9960-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"18265_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92801-8","volume":"1","author":"PG Gibson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gibson, P. G., Dolovich, J., Denburg, J., Ramsdale, E. H. & Hargreave, F. E. Chronic cough: eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma. Lancet 1, 1346\u20131348 (1989).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"18265_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.9810100","volume":"160","author":"CE Brightling","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brightling, C. E., Ward, R., Goh, K. L., Wardlaw, A. J. & Pavord, I. D. Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160, 406\u2013410, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.9810100 (1999).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"18265_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2003.1503","volume":"97","author":"SO Ayik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ayik, S. O. et al. Eosinophilic bronchitis as a cause of chronic cough. Respir Med 97, 695\u2013701 (2003).","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"18265_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0441","volume":"143","author":"K Lai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lai, K. et al. A prospective, multicenter survey on causes of chronic cough in China. Chest 143, 613\u2013620, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.12-0441 (2013).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"18265_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02222.x","volume":"35","author":"MA Berry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berry, M. A. et al. Observational study of the natural history of eosinophilic bronchitis. Clin Exp Allergy 35, 598\u2013601, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02222.x (2005).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"18265_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.1998","volume":"125","author":"SW Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park, S. W. et al. Development of chronic airway obstruction in patients with eosinophilic bronchitis: a prospective follow-up study. Chest 125, 1998\u20132004 (2004).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"18265_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2351","volume":"148","author":"K Lai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lai, K. et al. Will nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis develop into chronic airway obstruction?: a prospective, observational study. Chest 148, 887\u2013894, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-2351 (2015).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"18265_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00.16582400","volume":"16","author":"P Rytila","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rytila, P. et al. Airway inflammation in patients with symptoms suggesting asthma but with normal lung function. Eur Respir J 16, 824\u2013830 (2000).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"18265_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2000.00226.x","volume":"5","author":"PA Wark","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wark, P. A., Gibson, P. G. & Fakes, K. Induced sputum eosinophils in the assessment of asthma and chronic cough. Respirology 5, 51\u201357 (2000).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"18265_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.2.178","volume":"57","author":"PG Gibson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gibson, P. G., Fujimura, M. & Niimi, A. Eosinophilic bronchitis: clinical manifestations and implications for treatment. Thorax 57, 178\u2013182 (2002).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"18265_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116s","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.1_suppl.116S","volume":"129","author":"CE Brightling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brightling, C. E. Chronic cough due to nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 129, 116s\u2013121s, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.129.1_suppl.116S (2006).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"18265_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00072105","volume":"27","author":"R Leigh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leigh, R. et al. Stable COPD: predicting benefit from high-dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Eur Respir J 27, 964\u2013971, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.06.00072105 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"18265_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.5.9804028","volume":"158","author":"E Pizzichini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pizzichini, E. et al. Sputum eosinophilia predicts benefit from prednisone in smokers with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158, 1511\u20131517, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.158.5.9804028 (1998).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"18265_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.032516","volume":"60","author":"CE Brightling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brightling, C. E. et al. Sputum eosinophilia and the short term response to inhaled mometasone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 60, 193\u2013198, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2004.032516 (2005).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"18265_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02872-5","volume":"356","author":"CE Brightling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brightling, C. E. et al. Sputum eosinophilia and short-term response to prednisolone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 356, 1480\u20131485, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)02872-5 (2000).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"18265_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1411863","volume":"373","author":"DS Postma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postma, D. S. & Rabe, K. F. The Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome. N Engl J Med 373, 1241\u20131249, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1411863 (2015).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"18265_CR17","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2016 http:\/\/www.ginasthma.org (2016)."},{"key":"18265_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00102509","volume":"34","author":"PW Jones","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jones, P. W. et al. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Respir J 34, 648\u2013654, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00102509 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"18265_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.008","volume":"113","author":"RA Nathan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nathan, R. A. et al. Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113, 59\u201365, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.008 (2004).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"18265_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.ats11-99","volume":"161","author":"RO Crapo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Crapo, R. O. et al. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161, 309\u2013329, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.ats11-99 (2000).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"18265_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.06.028","volume":"124","author":"A Sverrild","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sverrild, A., Porsbjerg, C., Thomsen, S. F. & Backer, V. Diagnostic properties of inhaled mannitol in the diagnosis of asthma: a population study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124, 928\u2013932.e921, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.06.028 (2009).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"18265_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12652","volume":"46","author":"WJ Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song, W. J. et al. Staphylococcal enterotoxin IgE sensitization in late-onset severe eosinophilic asthma in the elderly. Clin Exp Allergy 46, 411\u2013421, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.12652 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"18265_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505971","volume":"374","author":"PG Woodruff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woodruff, P. G. et al. Clinical Significance of Symptoms in Smokers with Preserved Pulmonary Function. N Engl J Med 374, 1811\u20131821, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1505971 (2016).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"18265_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.6.737","volume":"30","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, S. J. et al. Effect of airflow limitation on acute exacerbations in patients with destroyed lungs by tuberculosis. J Korean Med Sci 30, 737\u2013742, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.6.737 (2015).","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"18265_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15d10.x","volume":"15","author":"CE Brightling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brightling, C. E., Ward, R., Wardlaw, A. J. & Pavord, I. D. Airway inflammation, airway responsiveness and cough before and after inhaled budesonide in patients with eosinophilic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 15, 682\u2013686 (2000).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"18265_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-00004","volume":"151","author":"TS Lapperre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lapperre, T. S. et al. Effect of fluticasone with and without salmeterol on pulmonary outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 151, 517\u2013527 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"18265_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00106-X","volume":"3","author":"S Pascoe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pascoe, S., Locantore, N., Dransfield, M. T., Barnes, N. C. & Pavord, I. D. Blood eosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the addition of inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data from two parallel randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 3, 435\u2013442, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-2600(15)00106-x (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"18265_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201502-0235LE","volume":"192","author":"SH Siddiqui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siddiqui, S. H. et al. Blood Eosinophils: A Biomarker of Response to Extrafine Beclomethasone\/Formoterol in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 192, 523\u2013525, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201502-0235LE (2015).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"18265_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041892","volume":"352","author":"K Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito, K. et al. Decreased histone deacetylase activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 352, 1967\u20131976, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa041892 (2005).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"18265_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.010908.163257","volume":"71","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barnes, P. J. Role of HDAC2 in the pathophysiology of COPD. Annu Rev Physiol 71, 451\u2013464, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.physiol.010908.163257 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"18265_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2011.12.009","volume":"48","author":"JJ Soler-Cataluna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soler-Cataluna, J. J. et al. Consensus document on the overlap phenotype COPD-asthma in COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 48, 331\u2013337, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2011.12.009 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"18265_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1055","volume":"149","author":"BG Cosio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cosio, B. G. et al. Defining the Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome in a COPD Cohort. Chest 149, 45\u201352, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.15-1055 (2016).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"18265_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00436-2016","volume":"48","author":"DD Sin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sin, D. D. et al. What is asthma-COPD overlap syndrome? Towards a consensus definition from a round table discussion. Eur Respir J 48, 664\u2013673, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00436-2016 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-18265-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-18265-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-18265-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T01:41:06Z","timestamp":1671846066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-18265-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["18265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-18265-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"146"}}