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All animals were exposed to tone bursts and clicks up to 107\u2009dB (re 20 \u00b5Pa) and to INS, delivered with a 200\u2009\u00b5m optical fiber. The wavelength (\u03bb) was 1860 nm, the radiant energy (Q) 0-800 \u00b5J\/pulse, and the pulse width (PW) 100\u2013500 \u00b5s. No auditory responses to acoustic stimuli could be evoked in any of these animals. INS could not evoke auditory brainstem responses in <jats:italic>Atoh1<\/jats:italic> CKO mice but could in <jats:italic>Neurog1<\/jats:italic> KI and <jats:italic>Vglut3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice. X-ray micro-computed tomography of the cochleae showed that responses correlated with the presence of SGNs and hair cells. Results in <jats:italic>Neurog1<\/jats:italic> KI mice do not support a mechanical stimulation through the vibration of the basilar membrane, but cannot rule out the direct activation of the inner hair cells. Results in <jats:italic>Vglut3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice, which have no synaptic transmission between inner hair cells and SGNs, suggested that hair cells are not required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18814-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T16:44:17Z","timestamp":1515084257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Auditory Neural Activity in Congenitally Deaf Mice Induced by Infrared Neural Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0251-2774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israt","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyow Claire","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Garc\u00eda-A\u00f1overos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4882-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Fritzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus-Peter","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"18814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.03.008","volume":"311C","author":"CP Richter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Richter, C. 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