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Silicon NanoTweezer (SNT) measurements show an increase in the mechanical stiffness of DNA bundles by a factor of &gt;150, at Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> to C4diP ratios above 8, as compared to Zinc alone whereas C4diP alone decreases the stiffness of DNA. Electroanalytical measurements using 3D printed devices demonstrate a progression of events in the assembly of C4diP on DNA promoted by zinc ions. A mechanism at the molecular level can be deduced in which C4diP initially coordinates to DNA by phosphate-phosphate hydrogen bonds or in the presence of Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> by Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> bridging coordination of the phosphate groups. Then, at high ratios of Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> to C4diP, interdigitated dimerization of C4diP is followed by cross coordination of DNA strands through Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/C4diP inter-strand interaction. The sum of these interactions leads to strong stiffening of the DNA bundles and increased inter-strand binding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19712-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T14:28:43Z","timestamp":1516026523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Elucidating the mechanism of the considerable mechanical stiffening of DNA induced by the couple Zn2+\/Calix[4]arene-1,3-O-diphosphorous acid"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yannick","family":"Tauran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet C.","family":"Tarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Mollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Baptiste","family":"Gerves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Kumemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Jalabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Lafitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikjoo","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-299X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beomjoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Collard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Perret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickael","family":"Desbrosses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Goutaudier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"19712_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2015.2","volume":"16","author":"WP Roos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roos, W. 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