{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:29:24Z","timestamp":1791325764385,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and family history are major associated risk factors for the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The objective of this study was to develop and validate a multi-parameterized artificial neural network based on available personal health information for early detection of NMSC with high sensitivity and specificity, even in the absence of known UVR exposure and family history. The 1997\u20132015 NHIS adult survey data used to train and validate our neural network (NN) comprised of 2,056 NMSC and 460,574 non-cancer cases. We extracted 13 parameters for our NN: gender, age, BMI, diabetic status, smoking status, emphysema, asthma, race, Hispanic ethnicity, hypertension, heart diseases, vigorous exercise habits, and history of stroke. This study yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.81 and 0.81 for training and validation, respectively. Our results (training sensitivity 88.5% and specificity 62.2%, validation sensitivity 86.2% and specificity 62.7%) were comparable to a previous study of basal and squamous cell carcinoma prediction that also included UVR exposure and family history information. These results indicate that our NN is robust enough to make predictions, suggesting that we have identified novel associations and potential predictive parameters of NMSC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19907-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T16:35:04Z","timestamp":1516638904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Predicting non-melanoma skin cancer via a multi-parameterized artificial neural network"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Roffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine J.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"19907_CR1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Key statistics for basal and squamous cell skin cancers, https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer\/about\/key-statistics.html. Accessed July 14th (2017)."},{"key":"19907_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rogers, H. W., Weinstock, M. A., Feldman, S. R. & Coldiron, B. M. Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the us population, 2012. JAMA Dermatol. 151(10), 1081\u20131086, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1187 (2015)","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1187"},{"issue":"3","key":"19907_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.19","volume":"146","author":"HW Rogers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rogers, H. W. et al. Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the united states, 2006. 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Management of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 11(5), 763\u2013769, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/era.11.36 (2011).","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"19907_CR7","first-page":"248","volume":"30","author":"M Zak-Prelich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zak-Prelich, M. et al. Environmental risk factors predisposing to the development of basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg. 30(2 Pt 2), 248\u201352 (2004).","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg."},{"key":"19907_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dusingize, J. C. et al. Cigarette smoking and the risks of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Aug 137(8), 1700\u20131708, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2017.03.027. Epub 2017 Apr 13. 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