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Here, we report that <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic> selects either of two genetic traits during their evolution. Sequencing of the specific gene locus MS6_A0927 revealed that 339 of 341 strains of <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic> and closely related <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> species originating from 34 countries over a century carried either <jats:italic>metY<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>) (~1,269\u2009bp) or <jats:italic>luxR-hchA<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>LH<\/jats:italic>) (~1,600\u2009bp) genes, and consequently those vibrios were separated into two clusters, M (45.4%) and LH (54.6%). Only two strains contained both <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LH<\/jats:italic> in the same locus. Moreover, extensive polymorphisms in those genes were detected in <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LH<\/jats:italic> with 79 and 46 sequence variations, respectively. <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks worldwide, and some non-O1 strains evolving from O1 via exchange of genes encoding cell surface polysaccharides possessed <jats:italic>LH<\/jats:italic> alleles. Analysis of polymorphisms in the gene locus implicated a high degree of genetic diversity and identical subpopulations among the <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19995-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T10:34:54Z","timestamp":1516617294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vibrio cholerae embraces two major evolutionary traits as revealed by targeted gene sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warawan","family":"Wongboot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siriporn","family":"Chantaroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wirongrong","family":"Natakuathung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amonrattana","family":"Roobthaisong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Watcharaporn","family":"Kamjumphol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumito","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taichiro","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"19995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003832","volume":"9","author":"M Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali, M., Nelson, A. 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