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Generally, straw mass reduction and nutrient release of rice straw were faster in early stage of decomposition (0\u221214 days after decomposition), when easily-utilized carbohydrates and amines were the preferential substrates for involved decomposers. Straw-associated N-acetyl-glucosamidase and L-leucine aminopeptidase activities, which were higher under 180 and 270\u2009kg\u2009N ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    addition, showed more activities in the early stage of decomposition. Gram-positive bacteria were the quantitatively predominant microorganisms, while fungi and actinomycetes played a key role in decomposing recalcitrant compounds in late decomposition stage. Straw residue at middle decomposition stage was associated with greater\n                    <jats:italic>cbhI<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GH48<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance and was followed by stronger \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-cellobiohydrolase and \u03b2-xylosidase activities. Although enzyme activities and cellulolytic gene abundances were enhanced by 180 and 270\u2009kg\u2009N ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    application, microbial communities and metabolic capability associated with rice straw were grouped by sampling time rather than specific fertilizer treatments. Thus, we recommended 180\u2009kg\u2009N ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    application should be the economical rate for the current 6000 kg\u00a0ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    rice straw returning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20293-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T05:26:13Z","timestamp":1516771573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Nitrogen enrichment regulates straw decomposition and its associated microbial community in a double-rice cropping system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"20293_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-003-0658-6","volume":"38","author":"A Nakamura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nakamura, A., Tun, C. 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