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In pollinators, parasite exposure to floral phytochemicals may influence between-host transmission and within-host replication. In the bumble bee parasite<jats:italic>Crithidia bombi<\/jats:italic>, strains vary in phytochemical resistance, and resistance increases under<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>selection, implying that resistance\/infectivity trade-offs could maintain intraspecific variation in resistance. We assessed costs and benefits of<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>selection for resistance to the floral phytochemical eugenol on<jats:italic>C. bombi<\/jats:italic>infection in<jats:italic>Bombus impatiens<\/jats:italic>fed eugenol-rich and eugenol-free diets. We also assessed infection-induced changes in host preferences for eugenol.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, eugenol-exposed cells initially increased in size, but normalized during adaptation. Selection for eugenol resistance resulted in considerable (55%) but non-significant reductions in infection intensity; bee colony and body size were the strongest predictors of infection. Dietary eugenol did not alter infection, and infected bees preferred eugenol-free over eugenol-containing solutions. Although direct effects of eugenol exposure could influence between-host transmission at flowers, dietary eugenol did not ameliorate infection in bees. Limited within-host benefits of resistance, and possible trade-offs between resistance and infectivity, may relax selection for eugenol resistance and promote inter-strain variation in resistance. However, infection-induced dietary shifts could influence pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20369-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T11:57:52Z","timestamp":1516967872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of the floral phytochemical eugenol on parasite evolution and bumble bee infection and preference"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan C.","family":"Palmer-Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin C.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Mirzayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben M.","family":"Sadd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"20369_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.143800","volume":"220","author":"MA Bernardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bernardo, M. 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