{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:36:55Z","timestamp":1773938215000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traumatic cataract is a main cause of visual impairment in pediatric populations and is preventable. Awareness of the causes and consequences of pediatric eye trauma play roles in health education and prevention of blindness. We conducted a retrospective chart review based on 5-year clinical data of pediatric traumatic cataract cases treated at the Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Clinical features including demographic data, injury mechanism, and causative agents were analyzed. A total of 321 eyes of 321 children (male, 74.1%) were included. Penetrating injury accounted for 76.6% of all injuries; 65% of children with such injuries underwent their first surgery on the day of injury. The average age at injury was 6.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7 years, while the peak age was from two to eight years. The main causes of ocular injury were sharp metal objects, toys, and wooden sticks. The causative agent changed with increasing age; however, scissors were the leading cause within almost all age groups. Cataract surgery significantly improved visual acuity in children with traumatic cataract. These findings add information regarding the characterization of pediatric traumatic cataract in China and can help guide safety education and preventative measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20982-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T16:02:24Z","timestamp":1517500944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Traumatic Cataract in Children in Eastern China: Shanghai Pediatric Cataract Study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghuai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangjia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"20982_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.06.008","volume":"17","author":"M Kinori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kinori, M., Tomkins-Netzer, O., Wygnanski-Jaffe, T. & Ben-Zion, I. Traumatic pediatric cataract in southern Ethiopia\u2013results of 49 cases. J aapos 17, 512\u2013515 (2013).","journal-title":"J aapos"},{"key":"20982_CR2","first-page":"Nc05","volume":"10","author":"AK Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma, A. K., Aslami, A. N., Srivastava, J. P. & Iqbal, J. Visual Outcome of Traumatic Cataract at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in North India: A Prospective Study. J Clin Diagn Res 10, Nc05\u201308 (2016).","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"20982_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2014067","volume":"55","author":"AR Adlina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adlina, A. R., Chong, Y. J. & Shatriah, I. Clinical profile and visual outcome of traumatic paediatric cataract in suburban Malaysia: a ten-year experience. Singapore Med J 55, 253\u2013256 (2014).","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"20982_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13327","volume":"95","author":"AK Haavisto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haavisto, A. K., Sahraravand, A., Holopainen, J. M. & Leivo, T. Paediatric eye injuries in Finland - Helsinki eye trauma study. Acta Ophthalmol 95, 392\u2013399 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"20982_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-013-9813-8","volume":"34","author":"S Khokhar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khokhar, S., Agrawal, S., Gupta, S., Gogia, V. & Agarwal, T. Epidemiology of traumatic lenticular subluxation in India. Int Ophthalmol 34, 197\u2013204 (2014).","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"20982_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bansal, P., Venkatesh, P. & Sharma, Y. Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis in children: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis. Semin Ophthalmol, 1\u20139 (2016).","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2016.1238095"},{"key":"20982_CR7","first-page":"160","volume":"6","author":"YN Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu, Y. N., Huang, Y. S. & Xie, L. X. Pediatric traumatic cataract and surgery outcomes in eastern China: a hospital-based study. Int J Ophthalmol 6, 160\u2013164 (2013).","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"20982_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000342","volume":"24","author":"S Khokhar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khokhar, S., Gupta, S., Yogi, R., Gogia, V. & Agarwal, T. Epidemiology and intermediate-term outcomes of open- and closed-globe injuries in traumatic childhood cataract. Eur J Ophthalmol 24, 124\u2013130 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"20982_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199414030-00003","volume":"14","author":"DV Alfaro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alfaro, D. V. et al. Penetrating eye injuries in young children. Retina 14, 201\u2013205 (1994).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"20982_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000193","volume":"5","author":"AK Hoskin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoskin, A. K., Philip, S. S., Yardley, A. M. & Mackey, D. A. Eye Injury Prevention for the Pediatric Population. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 5, 202\u2013211 (2016).","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"20982_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v4i1.5865","volume":"4","author":"S Dulal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dulal, S., Ale, J. B. & Sapkota, Y. D. Profile of pediatric ocular trauma in mid western hilly region of Nepal. Nepal J Ophthalmol 4, 134\u2013137 (2012).","journal-title":"Nepal J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"20982_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02236.x","volume":"38","author":"SE Staffieri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Staffieri, S. E., Ruddle, J. B. & Mackey, D. A. Rock, paper and scissors? Traumatic paediatric cataract in Victoria 1992\u20132006. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 38, 237\u2013241 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"20982_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004033","volume":"28","author":"M Batur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Batur, M., Seven, E., Akaltun, M. N., Tekin, S. & Yasar, T. Epidemiology of Open Globe Injury in Children. J Craniofac Surg 28, 1976\u20131981 (2017).","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"20982_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13313","volume":"95","author":"A Sahraravand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sahraravand, A., Haavisto, A. K., Holopainen, J. M. & Leivo, T. Ocular traumas in working age adults in Finland - Helsinki Ocular Trauma Study. Acta Ophthalmol 95, 288\u2013294 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"20982_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4137\/OED.S18659","volume":"7","author":"NE Okpala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Okpala, N. E., Umeh, R. E. & Onwasigwe, E. N. Eye Injuries Among Primary School Children in Enugu, Nigeria: Rural vs Urban. Ophthalmol Eye Dis 7, 13\u201319 (2015).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Eye Dis"},{"key":"20982_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010415","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.010415","volume":"7","author":"K Bucan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bucan, K. et al. Epidemiology of ocular trauma in children requiring hospital admission: a 16-year retrospective cohort study. J Glob Health 7, 010415 (2017).","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"20982_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.2.PEDS14472","volume":"17","author":"MD Cusimano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cusimano, M. D. & Parker, N. Toppled television sets and head injuries in the pediatric population: a framework for prevention. J Neurosurg Pediatr 17, 3\u201312 (2016).","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"20982_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2016.06.016","volume":"90","author":"M Winkler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winkler, M., Abrahams, A. S., Gruss, R. & Ehsani, J. P. Toy Safety Surveillance From Online Reviews. Decis Support Syst 90, 23\u201332 (2016).","journal-title":"Decis Support Syst"},{"key":"20982_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31825eeac9","volume":"73","author":"J Ram","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ram, J., Verma, N., Gupta, N. & Chaudhary, M. Effect of penetrating and blunt ocular trauma on the outcome of traumatic cataract in children in northern India. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 73, 726\u2013730 (2012).","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"20982_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.194","volume":"30","author":"OE Yucel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yucel, O. E. et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of scleral rupture due to blunt ocular trauma. Eye (Lond) 30, 1606\u20131613 (2016).","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-20982-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-20982-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-20982-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T02:04:15Z","timestamp":1671588255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-20982-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["20982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-20982-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"2588"}}